Anti-aging literature review by Dr Arya

Revolutionary anti-ageing drug makes you look younger and live longer: If you believe, I am not your type, get lost.

These are notes to self to summarize my study on aging only being made available for possible help in vast difficult-to-navigate literature on aging; selected by a transparent method of filters. One filter is knowable belief of the author, my belief is not that stupids cannot have valuable ideas; but that if valuable, then okay-people will copy the idea any way and hence purging of nuts does not diminish valuable ideas. A numerical majority of existing doctors may be opposed but a at least a minority of established doctors must allow; I am a very bad argumentative fresh convert. For example, ayurveda and yoga has some great idea, all filter by so called allopathic (mm or modern) medicine and ignored till selection. I talk of fasting, neem, haldi, shavasan etc. That they are considered good STILL means NO credit to the methods, simply being useful from 1000 bad or ineffective! Also fasting for a diabetic.

Basics

It is not possible for a human to do an unclouded literature review by the very nature of aaqgs-memory which converts the transcript of events to do a network selection and a nodal sort, thus losing global event sequence relation, but still local nodal sequence is kept. It means that the review is selective, and the only way to make it more valuable ion future is to incorporate consistent criticism. Unlike the normal prescription of incorporating all criticisms, I have NO tolerance for inconsistent, religious, or magical criticisms; I will incorporate other consistent weltanschauung.
Chemically, consistency means a theory of aging. Such a theory must explain how it happens, utility of food limitation (experimentally calorie restriction increases lifespan in all species) and also different rates in different species and differing rates of infection. Calorie restriction has been tried for nine months directly as losing strength in exercise, looking awful, feeling bad etc. If thats what lifespan increase means, I prefer to die fast! Question is – can you get lifespan increase without calorie restriction?

Allopathic theories on aging

There is chemical narration foreign to me, I convert it to simple engineering story as if a course was running in the first 3 years of IITK at our time. That roughly is the level of knowledge that I shoot for! Mitochrondia can be thought as operating on chargeable batteries – food-in energy-out. Insulin is a hormone that among other things makes you feel hungry thus encouraging for energy-recharge. There are no feelings in my narrative, simply chemicals that cause them. Brain has the job of balancing multiple urges,

Chemically, the primary function of mitochondria is respiration, which promotes energy production. Mitochondria break down organic compounds into water and carbon dioxide to release energy in the form of adenosine triphosphate (ATP). Each mitochondrion is contained in a double membrane. The outer membrane is relatively permeable to small molecules via transport proteins known as porins. The inner membrane forms folds (cristae) that increase the membrane area. Mitochondrial respiration generates a proton gradient across the inner membrane and a transmembrane potential through respiratory chain complexes (I–IV), enabling electron flow from the reduction equivalents NADH and FADH2 to oxygen. Simultaneously, the energy released in the oxidation of NADH and FADH2 is used to pump H+ ions out of the matrix into the space between the outer and inner membranes. Thus, the intermembrane space of mitochondria is charged positively; and the matrix, negatively. Stored energy is used for ATP synthesis by the other membrane-bound protein complex – ATP synthase./

Accumulated Damage versus programmed death

Nearly all current theories of aging have in common the fact that the fundamental cause of aging is the accumulation of molecular damage brought about mainly by ROS, but the role of amyloid protein, glycation end-products, and lipofuscin is acknowledged as well. The current theories differ in the extent to which the buildup of waste is encoded in the genome and whether it is programmed death or this accumulation that is deemed to bear the costs of evolutionary benefits. In addition to damage itself, the rate of accumulation is also of concern, which results from overall metabolic activity. The most significant changes in the longevity of model organisms prove to be mutations in metabolic pathways. Alongside the analysis of model organisms, it is possible to extend to a genome-wide analysis of longlived animals and short-lived counterpart species.Nearly all current theories of aging have in common the fact that the fundamental cause of aging is the accumulation of molecular damage brought about mainly by ROS, but the role of amyloid protein, glycation end-products, and lipofuscin is acknowledged as well. The current theories differ in the extent to which the buildup of waste is encoded in the genome and whether it is programmed death or this accumulation that is deemed to bear the costs of evolutionary benefits. In addition to damage itself, the rate of accumulation is also of concern, which results from overall metabolic activity. The most significant changes in the longevity of model organisms prove to be mutations in metabolic pathways. Alongside the analysis of model organisms, it is possible to extend to a genome-wide analysis of longlived animals and short-lived counterpart species.

The Sci Fi Alternative

Sensleader Dr deGrey, is abnormal biologist, CS like me. He criticizes both Gerontology and Geriatrics as focused on amelioration of damages from aging related diseases, not on repairs of the damage of aging that makes the diseases so bad in the first place! I have great philosophical respect for this. 

Consider politics and mindless criticism of nation building, say in Afghanistan. If you don't want a drug source, you have to bleed, indulge in nation-building. Can't cut and run!

Consider diabetes, insulin-resistance. High-sugars is a consequence not the disease. Fixing that and only that deteriorates the situation to death. Can both be done? Fasting and regular treatment (oppose insulin inducing Teneligliptin in ziten, pure metformin if allowed).

Teneligliptin increases the amount of insulin, perhaps bad on fasting, released by the pancreas, which in turn lowers the blood glucose levels. Common side effects include Headache, Hypoglycaemia (Low blood sugar level) in combination with insulin or sulphonylurea, Upper respiratory tract infection, Nasopharyngitis

1. Metformin has anti-cancer and anti-aging effects too. There are anecdotes like Group of 8 diabetic patients expected to live 5 less years less living more than the compared non-diabetic group lived MORE! CDC started a study in 2016!
2. Mistaken excess can not cause hypoglycemia which IS deadly.

How long can cells live?

Assuming that transfer to electric memory transfer is impossible. Cells of trees have lived for 4000 years. Division of cells produces errors. Point is the availability of stem cells at all sites to replace the errors. It need not be natural. Technology now has 2 remarkable things

1 If nearby, stem cells automatically ensure proper cell division happens. If not, they become the cell! Link explains tree life of 4000 years. Human can not get stem cells every where from roots but an injection needle can deliver iPSC to needing sites.

2 cells can get converted to stem cells called iPS cells for Induced pluripotent cells. There is a magical thing in all cells of all life – the DNA contains the complete genetic history. Conversion to pluripotent cells adds some factors which were removed in specialization.

Stem cells can be converted to pluripotent cells

Consider my plan for indefinite life. 95 by normal means. T0 120 by methods like metmorfin. To 200-4000 by hibernation or stem cell therapy. Some where in next few millinum, transfer to electronics. As usual in Tech Fi, sci fi makes it only faster, you have to give generous research time!