Sunday, July 9, 2017

A future without fakes thanks to quantum technology





Scientists have created unique atomic-scale ID's based on the irregularities found in 2-D materials like graphene. On an atomic scale, quantum physics amplifies these irregularities, making it possible to 'fingerprint' them in simple electronic devices and optical tags.

Thursday, July 6, 2017

Unbelievable progress



http://aaqg-arunarya.blogspot.in/2017/07/unbelievable-progress.html

On some matters (To be replaced by similar talks, available as transcripts, with wiki level of references), to be extended into new subjects. Elimination of traditional social sciences, management and history as worshippers of false God. Banishment of the false scholars, extant religions and these false arts to nonsense sections of libraries. No tax support of false scholars or prophets.

The aaqgs religion exists to answer all without faith. Faith is considered to be a tool of the thug, only demanded by criminals and is uniformly replaced by extrapolation.

How does one feel dead? Extrapolate from dreamless sleep and pre-birth!
How did universe come to be? Geometry after big bang! Extrapolate from known astronomy and astrophysics!
Before that? Controversial because time may have a beginning!
Why the bang? To reset or start in low entropy!
What does entropy do? Eventually kill any system.
What is purpose of life? To procreate so that our distant children are victorious over entropy and become gods who live forever.

The unbelievable - not only metmorfin + niagen take you to singularity, a path exists for one kind of singularity to life span of few thousand years - distinct from hibernation; today I read of electrifying analysis of maxwell demon in quantum realm where for the first time in human history, a speculative trail to such a demon exists which defeat entropy, defeats the second law of thermodynamics, and extracts energy from identical temperature!

I donot have to have extraploratory belief in such successors but may be a candidate myself!!

Physicists read Maxwell's Demon's mind

Pioneering research offers a fascinating view into the inner workings of the mind of 'Maxwell's Demon', a famous thought experiment in physics

Date:
July 5, 2017
Source:
University of Exeter
Summary:
A fascinating view into the inner workings of the mind of 'Maxwell's Demon', a famous thought experiment in physics, has now been gained by new research.
Why is disciplined happy life necessary? Procreation is not just genetics but epigenetics too!
Why for most? No one knows whose genes and epigenetics critical in entropy wars.
Who not? Require too much (super-democratic) effort.
Why is crime bad idea, if no God? People like me exist who advocate supermajority distinction between forgivable and unforgivable crimes -also based on criminal history - and advocate extended life-preserving torture to the deemed-incurable unforgivable, even though opposed to death penalty, I am quite comfortable with torture for rest of natural life, age notwithstanding, of subhuman responsible most in Nirbhay case. The sub human’s lifelong torture would mean all the other criminals would be alive and in jail torture-free after serving the torture-periods. The Mumbai shooter would be alive being tortured every day! I have must-prosecute contempt to blanket opposes of torture in law enforcement.
Why extrapolation over faith? That is how I pick plumber, worker, doctors, friends, technician etc. Why not politicians, policemen too (at least to expert counters).

Tuesday, July 4, 2017

NRK1 enzyme and explanation of diverse results



Here are some probable reasons, derived from knowledge of criminals
1.       Either amazon or someone is spending money to feed bullshit reviews and clicks. Matters not id amazon indignantly denies it. I, and only a few people who can do IBE, can prevent vote and review fraud. Only I, on earth, can do it by square roots, not even the greats. The immediate advantage is that while sqrt is crypt-impossible, squaring is eas. Further ziillions (in fact 10^300+) of independent fields (trillions per user in population of trillions, quadrillion of devices for IoT etc). Not many can say this with confidence. Fortunately for me, click fraud and paid reviews are profitable and loved by neo-criminals. Fortunately for Sir Bezos, I a’int competing with him yet. This gives me a very powerful vulnerability.

2.       As I guessed based on perusal of reviews, those who find it works believe in it and exercise, middle ones are lazy, while tail enders are depressed!

3.       3. The dosages and minimum period varies. Every one did it there own way – AMA has not managed to get treatment declared to be doctor only ye! Best use seems to be varied dose based on energy needs.

4.       Age matters – elders luckily benefit most from the extra energy. The younger probably (certainly I think) are unfamiliar with enervation, won’t even see the extra enegy.
5.       Now this that requires real read – NRK1 enzyme.

Tempel et al

Abstract

The eukaryotic nicotinamide riboside kinase (Nrk) pathway, which is induced in response to nerve damage and promotes replicative life span in yeast, converts nicotinamide riboside to nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+) by phosphorylation and adenylylation. Crystal structures of human Nrk1 bound to nucleoside and nucleotide substrates and products revealed an enzyme structurally similar to Rossmann fold metabolite kinases and allowed the identification of active site residues, which were shown to be essential for human Nrk1 and Nrk2 activity in vivo. Although the structures account for the 500-fold discrimination between nicotinamide riboside and pyrimidine nucleosides, no enzyme feature was identified to recognize the distinctive carboxamide group of nicotinamide riboside. Indeed, nicotinic acid riboside is a specific substrate of human Nrk enzymes and is utilized in yeast in a novel biosynthetic pathway that depends on Nrk and NAD+ synthetase. Additionally, nicotinic acid riboside is utilized in vivo by Urh1, Pnp1, and Preiss-Handler salvage. Thus, crystal structures of Nrk1 led to the identification of new pathways to NAD+.
What does it mean in human English?
Based on yeast model, lifespan extends. NRK acitivty post nerve damage is enough to distinguish carboxamide.Human NRK induced novel paths toNAD+ synthesis in yeast! The reverse may be true – something like NRK is an effective add to NR supplementation.

A comment - However, when the company asked me my opinion of the product, I didn't include the dosage in each capsule. I think you could research that info for yourself. I followed the suggested daily amounts and found that the product sucked. Let me rephrase that, if it sucked that means the product did something. The product did NOTHING! I repeat don't waste your money. Cool?
Another comment -
I was on this for about 7-8 months. I am a 66 yr. old female and I still work full time as an accountant. Approx. 2 months ago I decided to go off of it due to the expense of Christmas, etc., and I had began taking Pteromax, a stilbene polyphenol complex by Biotiva. So I assumed that I probably didn't need to have both as they are both quite expensive.
Or –this –
..’

I am guessing that most of the folks reporting little or no benefit from NR are either younger & healthy and have plenty of NAD; or, perhaps are taking far more than they need, producing some sort of negative hormesis-like response; or are not taking complementary doses of resveratrol, or other pterostilbenes, which operate in tandem with NAD as a substrate to influence anti-aging sirtuins.

Fortunately, bad one very rare comment. Big question is dosage. Tested rats were given 24 md/kg wight. That’s nearly  1 – 2 gms per human per day. Some elderly hated the energy feel leading to quic exhaustion. They felt results even at 250 mg dose. Think enough to test – important point is nontoxic till 40 times, or 10 gms. Increase if any good/best way.

Fascinating thought


I consider drug companies to be criminal – they have no sane way to price a drug differently in different markets based on ability to pay, and hence indulge is perhaps-legal but I-consider criminal ways. Using my IBE, hopefully done by by IoT UK conference or may be next year (if NR works, so goes unholy fears in me of timing) then there is some sense in formalizing what I am doing and do continuous integrated  drug testing with sales. I think that more than average drug study is false (consider fat versus sweets versus diabetes), stevia etc, and loudly say that lawyers and judges are  non-participatory but responsible criminals  too. The fact is that ADA and AHA are responsible too unless they accept responsibility and change drastically.

Forward link to a relevant refining narrative


Sunday, July 2, 2017

Engineering in rejection of transplants

http://aaqg-arunarya.blogspot.in/2017/07/engineering-in-rejection-of-transplants.html
http://www.sciencealert.com/this-protein-could-explain-why-our-bodies-reject-transplanted-organs?perpetual=yes&limitstart=1

There are plenty of cadavers, and people willing to part with redundant safety organs, to provide many transplants if the problem of rejection can be safely overcome. Standard technique so far is to address the problems of rejection by depressing the immune system of the receiver enough to allow the transplant to merge with patient system enough that it is no longer considered foreign.
Buried in this narrative is science. The body has developed markers to differentiate friend protein from foe. Depression of the immune system opens the body to all opportunistic infections and cancers. That is solely because of friend/foe identification at protein level.  A type of receptor on bone marrow cells called signal regulatory protein alpha (SIRPĪ±) has been identified by scientists from the University of Pittsburgh as the body's watchdog responsible for dispatching the lymphocytes that target and destroy foreign cells. The mechanisms behind the white blood cell assault are fairly well understood – molecules on the outside of the cells belonging to what's called the major histocompatibility complex (MHC) identify them as different. A type of white blood cell called a T lymphocyte has receptors on its surface capable of recognizing unknown MHC proteins and responds by attempting to break up the foreign material they're attached to.
Lymphocytes aren't born knowing what's foreign and what's not; they need to be taught. Which is the job of another part of the immune system called a dendritic cell. Dendritic cells chew up foreign proteins and weave them into their own MHC before displaying them on their surface like a microscopic 'wanted' poster. They then migrate into the body's lymph nodes where they interact with the gun-slinging T lymphocytes.

A better match between the donor's and recipient's SIRPĪ± genes could help reduce the risk of the immune response being sparked in the first place. Like blood typing, MSC matching. Not yet, since still 1-10 or 1-20 chances’ of rejection, so have to immune-suppress all, to be on safe side. Will I take these odds? What are the odds of infection/cancer if immunosuppressed? When that happens, engineering starts!

Saturday, July 1, 2017

Whether and how of Niagen


Two EQUI-AGE 27 yr SIMIANS L & R, UNTREATED AND TREATED BY CALORIE-RESTRICTION MIMICKED. TWO PICS EACH, U & D, FACES AND BODY. AN AUSSIE DOC CLAIMS AGE 60 ENERGETIC LIKE 30'S, FATHER FROM 78 TO EARLY SIXTY. My goal of 2045 (expected singularity) very likely with Metformin and Niagen - just must convince doc to rid of assisted sulfonylurea medications of ziten-20M (1000mg metformin but 20 mg sulfonylurea).

Next step, I posit, is IPS stem cells, tranformed in testtubes to more specialised, delivered by injection to cell reproduction sites, extreme accuracy not needed as in trees that live for 4000 years. That is the singularity I seek. Hope to start on Niagen within a year and expect long time to quell my fears and debilitations occasioned by my TBI.

First convince yourself that Niagen is for you and it is not another Reservetrol. If doubtful, quit. Rest of this document is about “how?” and “whether?”.

Whether?

Arun thinking?

Cells of animals tested are about our size. Hence for intracellular processes, per kg. weight scales.

Contraindications?

Damage has been studied and Niagen was not found to be genotoxic to 1,000 mg/kg/day. Its toxicity and side effects were found to be similar to regular nicotinamide (Vitamin B3). This is about 40 times the suggested dose. There are over 150 articles on PubMed which mention nicotinamide riboside and they are not aware of any that mention serious side effects.

Why bother increasing NAD+?

The discharged is NAD+ but there is NO KNOWN WAY of boosting the charged ie NADH.
Hearing loss
Diabetic side effects and lipid profiles
Obesity and weight loss or gain
NIH researchers find potential target for reducing obesity-related inflammation
Asthma
Cognitive decline and Alzheimer’s
Mitochondrial and stem cell function

How boost nad+?

Even though the ability to isolate and synthesize by NR is new, there has already been a great deal of research about boost. Every agent so far (like Resevtrol) is found in foods but quantities are minute. Every other agent is VERY sensitive to environmental and handling damage. NR is stable unlike reservetrol.

Why now?

 Much of research within just the past 5 years. David Sinclair (reservetrol, paid 750 million for co in 2008) has changed and is only one of many who are researching this.

Another reservetrol?

Unlikely.

1.   NAD+ repletion improves mitochondrial and stem cell function and enhances life span in mice
2.   A number of known researchers were part of it, most coming from Switzerland along with one from Brazil and one from Canada. The paper suggests that using the NAD+ precursor, nicotinamide riboside, protects aging mice against muscle degeneration. Similar effect were also seen in neural stem cells.
3.   Speaking of muscles, another study from 2014 suggested that restoration of healthy NAD+ levels resulted in a partial reversal of skeletal muscle aging in old mice (23).
4.   Two papers from 2014 looked at NR and mitochondrial myopathy (24) (25).
5.   Many look at its effect on broader mitochondrial health and behavior (26) (27).
6.   A few people have asked whether Niagen is thought to benefit hair loss or grey hair, however we are aware of no studies  – neither animal or human – on those topics.

Business aspects

Is Niagen worth buying?

Body of evidence suggesting NR may be beneficial vastly outweighs anything there ever was for resveratrol, that’s for sure.
But setting aside the suspected health benefits/efficacy for a moment, one of the biggest dietary dosage benefits of nicotinamide riboside supplements is that they are relatively stable. Unlike resveratrol which easily and rapidly degrades from air, heat, and light exposure, NR stability seems to be comparable to many other vitamins and nutrients in terms of shelf life and the amount of potency preserved.
Compare that versus resveratrol bulk powder, tablets, and even the gel caps. With all of those, it’s highly speculative as to how much of the active ingredient are actually in them. Even more so after you repeatedly open and close a jar of resveratrol powder. So before even considering the nicotinamide riboside research, at least you can take comfort in that if you buy it, you’re getting the substance you’re paying for versus some highly oxidized and degraded powder.

Animals vs. humans, study conclusions vs. proof?


Will sirtuin activation be the key to increasing longevity in humans or not?
It’s important to remember that the vast majority of studies involved to date involve animal models taking high dosages. As we all know, not everything that works well in mice or even rhesus monkeys will necessarily translate to human biology.
With those caveats said, it appears the hype – as least as of to date – is justified, given the many promising studies so far suggesting its ability to increase NAD+ levels. However further research and clinical trials will be needed to verify whether or not the benefits are what many researchers suspect them to be.
It’s totally understandable why many say the gamble (as in, the money spent) to buy a nicotinamide riboside supplement or powder is well worth it based on the research.
Even one of the world’s richest – Mr. Li Ka-Shing who is worth an estimated $31 billion – is so compelled in this anti-aging research, that he bought up approximately 20% of ChromaDex in April 2017.
If you do purchase NR, remember that all the brands selling it are buying from ChromaDex. Therefore, you may want to choose based on price rather than your typical go-to brands. Especially since a daily regimen of a higher Niagen dosage will not be cheap.

Use it how?

With the bulk powder, very few sell itHPN’s Niagen powder (125 mg/60 servings) is the only seller we are currently aware of.

In terms of capsules, you have plenty of competition and therefore, you might get a better value per mg by going that route. It appears Live Cell Research Niagen might be the most popular, based solely on the number of reviews we see on Amazon for each product.

These statements have not been evaluated by the Food and Drug Administration. This product is not intended to diagnose, treat, cure, or prevent any disease.

Arun's add

Niagen is available on amazon, people have posted reactions, about 1 yr. About half benefitted a lot, other half think its a scam. I suspect the beneficiaries exercised, scam believer's did not. Hence I advocate undiminished exercise with this add. I am and my father is, even debilitated. I think that improved nad+ is not enough or useful in absense of exercise. Will post experiences when done. Even if a scam, still only waste of money if it is, in worst case. If useful, can revert to 'flushing' B3! Very cheap since made in india! 5* reviewers  sound +ve, 3* lazy. 1* depressed!

https://www.amazon.com/product-reviews/B00L5Q951S/ref=acr_dpx_see_all?ie=UTF8&reviewerType=avp_only_reviews&showViewpoints=1

55-45 considered 50-50

[5* reviewer]

I am a 65 year old female who has had cancer twice, and have been in remission from stage 4 metastatic cancer for 11 years, due in part I believe to a regimen of supplements including resveratrol, quercetin, Vitamin C, Vitamin D3, and many others. I also walk 3 miles per day, and have tried to avoid sugar and refined carbs for much of that time.

Throughout the years I have been following anti-aging and anti-cancer research, as a curious layperson. I have explored writings and videos by David Sinclair of Harvard, Leonard Guarente of MIT, and others, leading me to the recent reports on the postulated benefits to humans of NAD precursor, Nicotinimide Riboside. Leonard Guarente himself takes it, according to his Elyseum website.

I started taking the recommended dose in early February, 2015, and can report some positive results, although I believe the dosage level is critical and probably varies widely, depending on one’s age and health status.

My experience has been that the prescribed dose of 250 mg. is simply too much. It revved me up, but the rebound effect was very noticeable--exhaustion. A suitable analogy might be constantly gunning and red-lining one’s old, inefficient engine. So I cut back to a half dose every other day. Much better. I still feel energetic--and optimistic--but am not completely exhausted hours later after the initial burst of energy has waned.

It would certainly seem logical that younger, healthy, and/or athletic folks already have sufficient amounts of NAD, so they probably wouldn't notice much if any improvement from supplementation with NR. However, old folks have NAD deficiency as a result of aging, and probably see a much greater benefit from supplementation with NR. which increases NAD.

I am guessing that most of the folks reporting little or no benefit from NR are either younger & healthy and have plenty of NAD; or, perhaps are taking far more than they need, producing some sort of negative hormesis-like response; or are not taking complementary doses of resveratrol, or other pterostilbenes, which operate in tandem with NAD as a substrate to influence anti-aging sirtuins.

[3* middle]
I think this is a good product. I did notice a slight increase in energy. I just don't think the minor results justify the price. It may work better on other people. One odd note, I got a slight bit of tooth sensitivity when taking them. I have never had sensitive teeth so it was a bit of a surprise. Could just be me.

I have not notice anything except possibly a reduction in joint pain. This does not mean though that it isn't good for me on a cellular level but I have no way to measure that. Will continue use for awhile.
[1* useless]
Took for over a month and felt tired and depressed. Immediately felt better after discontinuing



Friday, June 30, 2017

Aging and forced action



Aging and action

I consider self a rational skeptic i.e. a stoic, very argumentative and difficult to convince unless the proof is my style (hence safe from prestidigitation i.e. hard to explain street magic). That is science too, stopping at some point in favor of broad theories. All of this became very real for two things – rapidity of satisfactory research, rapid deterioration of dad’s condition and my belief that if there are (there!) unknown risks, they pale before risks of inaction! This latter point is buttressed by the fact that the compound is related to vitamin B3, there are NO reports of adverse effects by early enthusiasts, it is unlikely a scam since retailers like costco are developing their brands, substantial drop in prices are expected for my and mother use in 6 months as we have the time, an  Australian doc feeds himself AND his father (late seventies), amazingly +ve results etc. Point is I can wait, Japanese study since october2016 will have run 1 year, and while prove nothing on safety (like stevia), but certain results on benefits.

What is NR and NMN?

Let us read my article on aging again at cellular level. Hence applicable to all animals but unicellular. Briefly, all items from protein, fats ,carbs become glucose when consumed as food for energy become Glucose, in turn charges up bio-battery that drains on effort and is recharged by food. Three chemical cycles are involved, two uninteresting being citric acid and atp-adp cycles. The third is crucial NADH drains to NAD+, There is no way to synthesize NADH. However NAD+ cane be synthesized by de novo and reuse steps. NR is analog of NMN appropriate for humans as NMN is for mice. Great improvements have beenexperimentally seen in rats and rhesus monkeys. NR is like a precursor of vitamin B3. Actually it is B3 without the hot flushes common to B3, hence tolerated better, with B3 equal risk - water soluble unlike vitamin A, hence very safe even in overdoses.

 You get NR or NMN from some superfoods. Problem is the astronomical amounts of salads you must eat! 250-500 mg/day is based on informal study. Too much does not incease nad+. Popular pills are 250 mg once a day. You have to eat salads by tonnes! BTW, Nicotinamide has no relation, whatsoever, with nicotine, except spelled similarly!

Research in mice used NMN (Nicotinamide Mono-Nucleotide) to increase NAD+ levels can “turn back the clock” and make muscles, organs and tissues in older mice resemble that of much younger animals.

Research in humans has shown that both NMN and NR(NICOTINAMIDE RIBOSIDE) raise NAD+ levels, which helps to ameliorate some age related conditions, although it is too soon to know yet how effective it will be.
The 6 Nobel Laureate scientists behind Basis believe in benefits of NR supplementation, but so far they are mostly just theories.The recently completed, but not yet published research using BASIS with elderly humans measured much more than just NAD+ levels. Secondary endpoints measured:
·         Treadmill performance
·         Chair standing
·         Elderly activity performance standards
·         Body Weight
Many other clinical studies are currently underway, including:
·         Neuroprotection – testing college football players for protection against concussion
·         Weight Loss
·         Improved Memory
·         Athletic Performance – Endurance
·          
Conclusion: The possible benefits are massive, but don’t know if humans will experience ALL the health benefits achieved in testing with mice.

MY points?

1. There is nothing magical, though as  Sir says "science is magical to retards". The NAD+ is a well-known fact of elementary biology. Clearly, if one postulates Aging as "accumulated damage", sane questions are limit rate of accumulation safely and reverse the damage. One implication of aging is dropping nad+, which is like energy drain. Increasing nad+ does that, by NR. Right now FDA considers NR as unproven! Sp its a scam or not, 99.9% a scam. Fortunately, candidate for 0.1% because

1. No damage to users (explain: like a vitamin B3)
2. Anecdotal reported improvements
3. Expensive but limited risk (2 month = $50)
4 Access to US travellor to escape severe mal-mix in India
5 Some usefulness even otherwise

These filter will remove most claims but reservtrol, the disappointment. I believe that anti-oxidant wars are critical to minimizing speed of damage accumulation, reservtrol is but one anti-oxidant and no honest sounding rejuvenation reservtrol anecdotes. IE, anti-oxidants have a role in anti-aging diet but none in rejuvenation. NR does that, anecdotally within 2 months on 250 mg diet per day. Only bad effect likely is expensive near B3!!

Business basics?

NR is patented and tightly controlled by CHROMADEX. So whoever markets as expensive to very expensive. Fortunately, the labels do not differ in quality (service quality another matter).
Cheapest recommended (else $120 & $240) is


$49.95
Niagen
NRgizer
250 mg, 60 Capsules
Niagen is the patented name. Anazon handles even import hassles. It is cheapest for 250 mg dose per recommended dose.

When Costco gets in the act (2-6 month) I & Mom can. Meanwhile Dad can start. Cannot hurt except waste of money! Six month supply costs less than 1/4 of an angio-plasty!

Thursday, June 15, 2017

Century 21 newness -2


https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2e/Dhaka_street_crowds.jpg/400px-Dhaka_street_crowds.jpg

Last year, I talked 2 things – wives pa frustration and Li-fi. This year block chain = distributed database by replication of transcript. There are two more C21 things which will impact human as much as mobile – IoT (internet of things) and AGI (general AI = self-programming AI). You better understand – they are ready and will be used for C21 products – 1000 start-ups and fuck china!
AGI gets self-programming from massive neural nets. CS people don’t fully understand why it works so well. Show million chess games to MPNN ( Massively parallel  neural nets), million photos, million sounds, million market graphs etc. The result surpasses any human. You get some thousand weights. With them, you can program cheap devices! Usual AI – someone wrote the program! AGI – no one knows why so good! Neural nets for 48 years. AGI 2 years. Few hundred programmed nodes. Massive neural nets don’t run on fast CPU like old AQAI. They run on GPU (Graphics processing units), GPU companies are ecstatic – not just extreme gamers!

Amazon provides learning interface to all on clouds! If you know AGI and can target human-rich expensive tasks, you got a start-up. What happens to replaced humans and taxes  –  growls are starting. These days, india is  -2 year late to USA. By own experience, touching tech before 1-2  YEAR AFTER LAUNCH IS STUPID.  India then is a great place to launch from – low cost workers and stabilized tools.

So here is how start-ups function my style – use amazon like cloud service to get weights. Use them in low cost devices.

Aaqgs-why-it-works Speculation given that not known why MPNN work! Also why human brain works! The MPNN are 20-30 layers of neural nets. The elements are planar linear elements. Non-linearity is from qall the layers. Recognition excites only a few  cells of the final layer. Those are the recognition centers. The system reaches a lowest energy configuration on recognition. By this can be done million face photos, million different accent sounds, million stock market graphs.

Remember my li-fi. Why is li-fi better than wi-fi (started 1992). Radio-waves penetrate walls, hence no privacy! Light vaves can carry 10000 more bandwidth! Transmission Stuff needed already there- LED bulbs. Lot has happened in 6 yrs – cost of modulation and demodulation stuff. Ready USA this year USA. So india 2018. Big use – IoT!!!!!!

So Take it from Aaqgs-himself – C21 = blockchain + IoT + li-fi + AGI + …

Read-up on these! Just to be informed human. Remember, I predicted java when it came out, statins 1998, to metmorfin (1916), IV (NAD+) 1917.

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Artificial_general_intelligence


https://www.wired.com/insights/2014/11/the-internet-of-things-bigger/

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Li-Fi