Sunday, June 6, 2021

Conclusions of my Aging research

 

            Fountain of youth

Latest link

Scientific American (for 200 years, the best American journal)

Aging Is Reversible--at Least in Human Cells and Live Mice ...

New research suggests it is possible to slow or even reverse aging, at least in mice, by undoing changes in gene activity—the same kinds of changes that are caused by decades of life in humans.

Arun Arya View

No point reading for entertainment, documents MY plan, available for free for Cathedral and the Bazar reasons.

It is not sci-fi. The path to Bhishma-like wish-death is open to me and I will probably not die , but will a huge number aged of today since they will not do the right precondition to aging singularity and not realize it when it comes. It will not be celebrated as an event, but will simply mark a timeline event in 2050 histories and later. Prior to details, diabnetes drugs extend life of patients and non-patients. It is likely strange consequence of coincidences of two common drugs metrformin and acarbose, which have lack of age benefits from their counterpart drugs. Every one praises metformin, 1/2 gm twice a day.

Belief triage on aging?

There are three Doctor units only listened to, for own skeptical aging analysis to TRS. Each one of them have acquaintance in me to their work in 2000 to 2010. Every other opinion is likely rejected outright, not even submitting to other intellectual opinion that requires acceptable proof of accomplishment. Unless endorsed by them. These are Dr de Grey of SENS and "apigenin + quercetin" fame, Dr. Sinclair at Harvard after MIT, (nmn+pterostilbene) and massive journalist of USA fame, and Drs. Conboy at UCB of parbiosis and "Diluting blood plasma rejuvenates tissue, reverses aging in mice" fame. There are only 4 methods they advocate that are in my powers today and 2 require medical help. The singularity I await is medical professionals or bio-hackers like me, reaching that point that one extra year of life is expected in every calendar year for 20 years known. My prediction is 2030. For all steps, Dr de Gey predicts 2036. I consider age extension to then be possible with fewer extensions mentioned here.

By massive confusion I learned that Irine Conboy is no longer in UCB medical school, but now the vice-president of UCB!

The works that established these doctors as great scientists is based on pioneering work in the decade of 2000-2010 and great work done since. Dr. de Grey mentioned senolytic drugs and outlined mouse-extension challenge (2000 decade). He funded the Drs. Conboy study. He has since advocated startups and medical tourism in 2010 decade. Drs. Conboy proved experimentally by parbiosys that young mice become old by getting old partners and old become younger. Last decade, they experimentally showed that direct transfer of blood ages the young but gives minute benefits to the old. Another painffully slow but exquisite experiment showed that blood dilution was enough! Dr. Sinclair discovered resveratrol in 2004 and nmn in the decade of 2010. The decade also saw the emergence of Dr. Horvath and the Horvath bioage clock that establishes a great magic link between bioage from genetics and calendar age, also predicted remainder of life to death, the grim age! Starting the decade of 2021, the bioage tables were shown to be valid in all eutherians! New young doctors like my niece are still taught that telomere length dictates age!

Arun Arya Methods of age improvement by self decided interventions?

So far careful hypothesis formation. Based on my epistemology, conclusive scientific results by pre and post Horvath bio-age. Either it works as expected, or failure refines the next try. Getting ready for small try, welcome any one interested in own empirical try with me (own costs but none of mine either, likely to become historical, no effects beyond failure, expected small improvement in worst case).

First is aping evolution and experiments of past 50 years. These are ONLY 2 methods that guarantee healthy extension, proper fasting and exercise to all eutherians (proper is crucial since improper fasting may weaken immune nsystem). This kingdom of eutherians is invoked by me for these reasons

0. Proper is judged only by registered medical scientists in responsible situations.

1. Eutherians have similar DNA. Regardless of skeptical motherfuckers, aging, says my 20-year study, is a genetic consequence, with DNA editing basic. Proof: Horvath bio-clock works in all of them. Establishes Dr. Sinclair's aging theory solidly in  me and seems to apply to all cellular  life, even stars. It requires development of one way surround of DNA to prevent total hijack and of mRNA distinct from DNA to allow protein synthesis, but to reduce infections by immune adaptation.

2. Humans and mice are both eutherians, so are yeasts. Hence, many experiments can be done on yeasts/mice, and possible failure in human is possible but unusual, defined by proper prefix, often elided but always there. The sequence 1) (mice/.. works)|(human-cells works) 2) (First-few-volunteers works) 3) (large-number volunteers works) will work. For danger-love people, they can volunteer after 2-steps. Deliberately and knowledgeably I mention 3 sequential steps, applicable to applied chemicals, medicine and vaccines. Only FDA-2 is elided for speed reasons.

3. Theoretical derivations may suggest some results, excellent hypothesis, but my epistemology requires confirmation experiments, only allowing interpolations on continuous differential functions polynomially interpolatively. People might volunteer but can not adopt any but interpolations, and never extrapolations. Almost all Eutheria health functions known to me are interpolating able.

These principles I state as minimum required by me to accept any claims to aging cure. It is possible I miss out on some miracles, but sticking to them will certainly save me valuable time.

Second, I use NMN and Pterostilbene (instead of Sinclair recommended resveratrol, a much less bioavailable stilbene). NMN will become mib-626 to benefit from nitric oxide etc. NMN only with TNG.

Third from Dr. de Grey, I get quercetin/dhaniya combination, quercetin because it is senolytic and dhaniya because it approximates apigenin well.

Fourth from Drs. Conboy and the possibility beyond even-fix Allopathy, the long term cure for diabetes and heart problems. I am ecstatic that my osteoarthritis is lessened significantly 1 year after Allopathy fix estimated 3-5 years! I should have undergone an extensive bone check X-ray, once per life at age 60, rather than wait to be hit at 65.

The precise kind of blood dilution for me is to decide by 2030. That gives Drs. Conboy and Dr. Kirpov to develop dilution further. The hope of medical break through for Singularity and also cancers is great strides in immunotherapy in conjunction with training immune cells by command and development of virtual thymus. Three medical conclusions from my 30-year study are

 

1. virtual thymus to fix white cells and reprogram them is what will solve aging and cancers

2. cancers and aging are strongly related problems of senescent cells doing nothing to becoming infinite-life tumor cells

3. YAMANAKA FACTORS CAN, and are being used to  generate drug and supplements, as intermittent pulsing low concentration of all but M form are possible in vivo.

New genetic medicine or cell focussed micro-surgery will allow genetic update in live beings.


Central to medical interventions beyond virtual thymus will be Yamanaka factors based drugs and supplements, different from immunotherapy attacks for eliminating cancer like component of aging.


SENS

3hour read based on slow clicks. It caught me in 2001, courtesy Aubrey, and has kept me going for 20 years. What has been done since is to launch all ideas and a polished version of the ideas today. Essential month long reading by clicking. See you then. My experience says 

1. Life details and plot to defeat aging is as absorbing as the best Sherlock Holmes.

2. Biology can be very interesting

3. Defeat of aging happens if all area below were done

4. They are not needed at once

5. Cancers are only a sub-part of aging! DNA molecules end in slowly shortening telomere per copy-rebirth. Cancerous cells all learn how to become infinite lives by telomerase or ALT means, from chromosomes in all cells.

One can fix cancers by anti-telomerase drugs (after a while all cancerous cells die), except that good stem cells  badly need it too. What now? Turns out stem-cells have a decade worth of reserves. So must be reinserted every decade if genetic drugs were used to remove telomerase genes in all cells! There are good analogies, suggestive of clever solutions, but all good solutions cause problems and the process happens repeatedly. Cancers are fascinating senescent genetic trouble because they mutate all the time. Patients go into remission, but evolution is milked by cancers, and cancer is back, now unhurt by the working drug!

Collectively, fixing these 7 things is needed in a thousand years, not all at once, giving me Bhishm opportunity. Colored are all clickable. Dr de Grey has used this table since 2001 without needing a change!


Program Rejuvenation Biotechnology Aging Damage Year Discovered
Immunotherapeutic clearance
Extracellular aggregates
19078
Targeted ablation
Death-resistant cells
19656
AGE-breaking molecules; tissue engineering
Extracellular matrix stiffening
19586, 19817
Novel lysosomal hydro lases
Intracellular aggregates
19419, 195910
Allotropic expression of 13 proteins
Mitochondrial mutations
19724
Removal of telomere-lengthening machinery
Cancerous cells
19592, 19823
Stem cells and tissue engineering
Cell loss, tissue atrophy
19551

Dr. Aubrey de Grey launches vitaDAO, capable of decentralized evolution, that I expect to the devastation of existing governments, markets, economics and motivations, and basis of all enterprise within a century, What happens after the first 1000 years is fictional by necessity and is likely migration to nano life on diamonds after brain transfer!


Immediate Future work


I have a colored view of partiality for my motherland and current host. The following are not just ideas of the Conboys and their laments, which must be considered as an opportunity for medical tourism to India. 

To 2021, strongly established as improvement in the condition of aged all over world with blood exchange or MRNA drugs and vaccines,within oversight of GOI, disbursed to states. The mechanism is very easy to waste using Inspector-raj and decentralization means state funding, which will severely hurt non-BJP nearly everywhere, and unfixable democratic return post all electorate defats from <same party tiredness>. 

Note the lament, NIH funds everyone but us. says Irina! She misses the fact that FDA-equivalent clinical trials will cost 10% in India. Greatness of India as provider will follow from extensive required patient-specific data, generated for free in patient cure, in blood exchange that has to follow a narrow path henceforth becoming like dialysis. US free compiteion delivers a long-term incentive to hide data, at least of failures in massive company searches. Intrinsic feature of free competetion and IP value system!

The idea is to extract patient blood, filter it to remove CD38 or TGF-beta1, either by filter or mRNA drugs or a few more, Blood filter needed for cancers! Blood fix of cancer return the filtered tit-rated blood back to the patient! No one else enters the picture, hence guaranteed free of any rejection. By how should the concentrations reduce? Patient centric with golden data to be generated. I do assume that our scientist can develop concentration-meters fast. The list at CD38 etc will grow, 20 years inprovement expected from first 2! Self-funded exponential growth, I will invest in PPP model company! Try form one if possible.


Open Doubts

Unlike a paper, there is still possibility from my ignorance or future research. That is how ndoubts happen. I suspect my type of mRNA vaccines can be done for small sets of similarly tainted Cancers. Few hundred year program there. I also suspect that hibernation will also require cancer-fix-like return medicine.

Concentration meters for measuring proteins to be filtered out wll be needed. List of bad proteins beyond CD38 and TGF-BETA1. Life-line gains expected. All this data is vital for smart diagnosis and will be generated for free from medical tourist patients, attracted by much lower costs, even if lower quality. Two third world aged are potential beneficiaries who will not be able to pay American costs, even decade gain in life matters.


Friday, June 4, 2021

Enemy cd38 and aging

 


The Latest Link

Demise of doctor uncle, bio-hackary on self


I consider myself an unlicensed aging doctor-like, no agreement by GOI, either will change my host government's POLICY or escape to a superior destination based on my USA passport. Till then, you should never do bio-hackery unless suggested by a licensed doctor and managed by a licensed doctor later! Note that my citizenship enables me to do bio-hackery on self.

CD38 has been mentioned as the villain chemical suspected to be antagonist to NAD+. Central to reducing (genetic) age, measurable by Horvath test which remarkably works for all eutherians (hence human and mice). Strongly suggesting the correctness of earlier Dr. Sinclair of earthier DNA which took 3 billion years to make and a billion years to evolve in to all life and us. First time in planet life, evolution is supplanted by the watch-maker, genetics humans and doctors, with time frames of a century, not geologic millions and billions. It is a natural product made by senescent cells (all villains) to escape the inflammation produced by NAD+. Their survival ages their host.

There are two strategies to eliminate CD38, target senescent cells(effectively generic cure cancer). Or target CD38. The group of drugs is called senolytes, anticipated in 2001- by Dr. de Grey, interesting to us being the supplement Quercetin that is is a plant pigment (flavonoid). It is found in many plants and foods, such as red wine, onions, green tea, apples, berries, Ginkgo biloba, St. John's wort, American elder, and others. Buckwheat tea has a large amount of quercetin. Some people use quercetin as a medicine. Quercetin is most commonly used for conditions of the heart and blood vessels and to generic prevent cancer. It is also used for arthritis, bladder infections, and diabetes, but there is limited scientific evidence to support these uses. From my perception, Quercetin is also found great for antiaging and cancers, other uses save from FDA safety test of the drug,

This is a vital point for me. FDA clinical trials establish to my trust of two properties of a chemical or procedure, safety and efficacy. Efficacy is a secondary issue in all my applications. Safety targets of trials must account for wrongly identified patients and hence are safe for all. Hence, repurposing a drug implicitly establishes safety. Long use of a chemical also assumes safe within reported effects. Quercetin is like that. Hippocratic oath says your medicine in the worst case will not increase the disease! USA courts are stupidly deficient in this case, as evident from 40 year delay in stevia even when in wide use in Peru for 1500 years! Even today, Vitamin k2 is illegal in the USA! One can not save from attorney delays but failure to punish the proponent side severely for attorneys behavior is Un-American,

There are several significant groups of flavonoids, including anthocyanidins, flavanols, flavones, flavonols, flavonones and isoflavones. Flavones: These include luteolin and apigenin. Good sources of flavones are celery, parsley, various herbs and hot peppers. apigenin is particularly interesting because it reduces the amount of CD38 too. Particularly relevant is the fact that it is found in significant quantities with enough bioavailability in dried fruits of parsley and green leaves of parsley. Not found in India, but it is intermediate between dhaniya (coriander) and ajwaain (carom). Dhaniya can be used. In other words, dhaniya and quercetin (400-500)mg completes Dr. de Grey senolytes usage without a doctor monitor!

It is a matter of joy  that traditional food masala like chilies have uses. However, do not allow a brahmin-equivalent fool you into the great foresight of our ancestors!

If you want apigenin and quercetin only  (low cost senolytics of Dr. de Grey), you should investigate N-Stac product. My cheaper way is buy quercetin and get apigenin  benefits from dhaniya (coriander).

The inhibition of CD38 has been proven in NIH-sponsored studies to increase NAD+ tissue bioavailability greater than NMN or NR alone. A vital differentiating feature compared to generic NAD precursor supplements. 

Deliberate elided are reliable manufactures, amounts and doses schedule as patient-dependent  (culture, location, individual differences etc.), never mind the impact on convinced reader. Some day, undoing-aging doctors will help in starting and management based on patient with Horvath-inspired aging clocks! I will only support evidence-based Horvath-inspired aging-clocks proven , such a person has at least some properties of a true cell-doctor for undoing-aging.


Demise of doctor uncle, bio-hackary on self

 


My uncle passed away on ventilator, despite 2 doeses of vaccine, despite my protestations of dangers, he persisted in free medication of the very poor, daily without stop. He was the great Dr. K. K. Agrawal, who freed me to weep with the beneficiaries, released me with passage from sworn statement not to mention his name. I still have an unfilled hole to fill. RIP.


I consider myself an unlicensed aging doctor-like, no agreement by GOI, either change my government or escape to a superior destination based on my USA passport. Till then, never do bio-hackery unless suggested by a licensed doctor and managed by a licensed doctor later! Note that my citizenship enables me to do bio-hackery on self.


What is law and why needed

 




Following originates as why I became a diploma holder lawyer in cyberlaw. IRRELEVANT ARE LEGAL COMMENTS AND JUDGMENTS. It simply says why I can wrap normal human beings in a web of split-the-hair issues fairly easily and why is this kind of thinking needed in any document - to anticipate such attacks and fail them or use them to defend.


Any document is made of words. Collectively, it forms a case. In order to understand its meaning, every word has to be expanded in context. Being a semanticist of formal languages, it is clear that word meanings require multiple layers of context. For simplicity, context is assumed to be independent conflict able overlap of simple contexts. These range from legal population, entire case/document with explicit meanings, section and sentence. Large sized context implicitly surrounds every word. The full frame of each word requires massive context filling, mostly solvable using contexts. What makes even theoretic process hard is that all the full contexts demanded every word are rarely exp-licitly handled but elided with the assumption that they can be properly and unambiguously reconstructed, alas not so and even distinct with the author with time and slow change of word meaning.


In formal languages, it is called binding. Meaning of any word for a particular set of bindings is obtained by disambiguate d contexts. The very frame embedding a word may depend on binding. Conservative lawyers require contemporaneous binding as the authors. It is called lexical binding. Dynamic binding happens when all the Neo-lawyers change binding to the decision time frame. No matter what the old turkeys thought, what anyone understands today is what it means today! Clearly what a law means is what it means today, not that constructed by a foggy lawyer or translator who somehow reinterprets history!


There is lot more, may not be relevant to the reason of linking. Consider a robot. If command is spoken to the machine, an easy fix is to speak back what is understood in all complex cases. Simple commands should be executed at once. In complex or ambiguous cases, accent is needed for all derived command. ALL COMMANDS THAT ARE AMBIGUOUS ARE BEST HANDLED BY LISTING THE INTERPRETATIONS. SIMPLIFICATION IS POSSIBLE BY CONSTRAINING INTERPRETATIONS BY RESTRICTING TO A DOMAIN OF ACTION BY A WORD OR TWO. In any case, ambiguity is always possible and how situations are handled is critical. The ideal solution is restricting the action domain, and use simple subsets of natural languages. There is enormous similarity between formal and natural languages by thinking of each adjective or adverb as an abstract enumeration or other type or instance.


My asli language


Not implemented yet, it is a declarative language that provides gradual typing and program refinement from standard inefficient to specialized code. In other words, a program starts with an executable specification and is refined either by better implementation or specification. Every step is executable and implementable by applying delta program for the current code. FOR THIS PURPOSE, IT WILL IMPLEMENT PROCEDURES BY PROCEDURE VARIABLES AND HAVE A UNIQUE DIFFERENT WAY OF DEBUG ON PROJECT AND PRODUCT SITES. Never mind the frustrated laments of yesterday greats.


All the past great languages implemented great standard libraries that are agonistically usable. In terms of precise distinction of asli, the most basic is built-in compiler of attributed grammars doing simple context-sensitive things, without becoming general grammars, implementing special kind of nullification.


In fact, the included attribute grammar is powerful enough to implement arbitrary constraint possible in gene edit of CRISPR cas9. THE GENERIC GENE SLICE CAN BE RESTRICTED TO JUST SPECIFIED GENE PATTERN IN ONE PART OF DNA.

Monday, May 31, 2021

Liquidity Bootstrapping FAQ

 


WHAT rest off this note after the para is added to give people a flavour of new management being forged in blockchain applications by evolution, without stupid hinderance to inventers and discoverers being constrainbed only by legitimate interests of the government to govern. Collectively it is routinely now called defi (decentrealized finance), in this case by recovery from massive hacking on etherum, the innovative fork from bitcoin.  Defi is new disruptive paradigm in finance, every one today, by my judegment, having 10 years at most. What makes neochain (my term) so powerful is DAO, smart allowing decentralized programs, starting with AMM, using non-fungible ownership beyond hacking by NFT and Law having by liquidity pools that allow entry an exit (cashing out) without effecting others as long as there is no run on the bank. I have a full non-poor life ahead of me solely by not yielding to greed and conservatisism which avoids all investments without thorogh knowledge.

How do I launch a Liquidity Bootstrapping Pool?

Decide on critical parameters, such as sale duration, starting and ending weights, and estimate the demand (i.e., expected sale rate), using the LBP simulator to adjust the settings until you are happy with the resulting price curve. (Best practice is to copy/download it, then customize to your own use case.)

Post on #token-requests to request eligibility for governance token rewards. (At least a week’s advance notice is recommended, and BAL rewards require an active CoinGecko price feed, or at least "preview" mode.) You can submit your pool metadata on this form (e.g., token symbol and name, icons for the token and pool, descriptive text, a url for the sale page, etc.)

If your pool is eligible for weekly BAL rewards, they will be distributed to your LPs automatically. See the Liquidity Mining page for staking and other special cases. If you contribute significant long-term liquidity to the platform, you can apply to have smart contract deployment gas costs reimbursed from the Balancer Ecosystem fund here.

Here's the general process to deploy a Liquidity Bootstrapping Smart Pool, conduct the token sale, and recover the proceeds:

  • When you've decided on parameters as described above, create the smart pool.

  • Call updateWeightsGradually to start the sale. (Note that unless you pause the pool, it will be visible to the exchange and available for trading immediately, though the weights are fixed until you start the update.)

  • (Optionally) call pokeWeights periodically to cause the weights to change on schedule. This is a public function that anyone can call - including from the public Pool Management interface. You can advertise this, and encourage buyers to poke for you (it can be fairly expensive). Large buyers would do well to pokeWeights before buying.

  • At the end of the sale, Remove Liquidity to recover the proceeds; i.e., the reserve balance, plus any unsold tokens. If you reserved the add/remove tokens right (and disallowed public LPs), you can simply call removeToken. Otherwise, you can remove liquidity directly - though you need to leave at least some dust behind, since there is a minimum balance of each token.

How long should an LBP last?

This is a fully customizable parameter that is up to you, based on your objectives. However we can provide some general tips. It’s important to give your potential investors sufficient time to participate and for healthy price discovery to occur. We’ve seen this process work well over a span of 3 days, but as LBPs are a new innovation, we believe there are other lengths of time that could work as well or even better.

Considering the fast pace and unpredictability of events happening regularly in DeFi, making your LBP too short could allow obstacles that are unrelated to your project (i.e., a spike in Ethereum network congestion or a new yield farming craze) to get in the way of a successful sale. We would recommend at least 3 days, but you are certainly free to make it shorter if you believe it would better serve your particular case.

Note that the default minimum duration is approximately 2 weeks (and 2 hours for the add token time lock); using a shorter period will require overriding that default when you create the pool. This mainly applies to those writing scripts; if you use the smart pool GUI, the defaults are very short (both 10 blocks).

Should I start the sale immediately after deploying the pool?

Most LBPs do this, but some choose delay the start of the sale. There are many reasons for this, including waiting for the whitelisting/price feed to be set up, and wanting more time for pre-sale marketing/community building.

Projects that choose this method typically reserve the right to "pause swapping," and invoke it immediately after creating the pool. Since smart pools are created with swapping enabled, pausing is a separate transaction, so it is possible to "front-run" the pause transaction and perform a swap before the pause takes effect. (Don't laugh - it's happened!)

You can't beat human nature. Even though it's irrational, and the LBP announcements all encourage people to wait, we have observed an initial price spike in nearly every LBP to date. So if you choose to do a "delayed" LBP, you will be vulnerable to this sort of front-running.

The only way to completely prevent this is to write code to deploy and pause in a single transaction. Otherwise, one way to discourage early buying is to reserve the right to change the swap fee, and initialize it to 10% (the max). That way anybody front-running your pause transaction will pay a 10% fee on top of the high price. After the pause transaction is mined, you can drop the fee to the desired sale rate.

Any time there is a price spike - even with sales that start right away - arbers can exploit it. So it's more of a "user education" issue than a technical front-running problem. The long-term solution is to educate LBP buyers that patience is a virtue.

How should I choose a starting price?

You can think of the starting price of your LBP as the ceiling you’d want to set for the token sale. This may seem counterintuitive, but since LBPs work differently than other token sales, your starting price should be set much higher than what you believe is the fair price.

This does not mean you’re trying to sell the token above what it’s worth. Setting a high starting price allows the changing pool weights of your LBP to make their full impact, lowering the price progressively until a market equilibrium is reached. Unlike older token sale models such as bonding curves, LBP investors are disincentivized to buy early, and instead benefit from waiting for the price to decrease until it reaches a level they believe is fair.

For example, if you believe the fair price for your token is $2, you may want to consider an opening price that is up to $10.

The general idea is to start with the pool weights skewed towards your token and end with the pool weights skewed towards the reserve asset(s). This configuration is designed to make it so that the majority of your tokens end up being exchanged for the reserve asset(s) you have chosen.

Be sure to think all the way through your intended sale, since there are some technical subtleties. For instance, if your weights are very close to the min/max weight boundaries, pokeWeights could fail in some edge cases where the total would temporarily be exceeded. Unless you need the maximum 98%/2% (49/1 denorm) weights, it's best to use weights that sum to a lower total number (e.g., 38/2), and put the project token first in the list when you create the pool, so that the weight decrease would be processed first. (We may be updating the GUI to avoid this issue by lowering the "resolution" in these cases - the max for a pool with canChangeWeights enabled would then be 96%/4%.)

How can I use an LBP to conduct a token sale with minimal seed capital?

The lower you set the weight(s) of the reserve asset(s) in your LBP, the less upfront capital you would need to seed your LBP. In a two-token LBP, the most skewed ratio you can set is 2:98, meaning that the pool composition will be 2% your reserve asset, and 98% the project token.

However, since the value of your project’s tokens is proportional to the value of the reserve assets you provide for the sale, the amount of funds you can raise in the sale is limited by the total value of the reserve assets you provide to the LBP.

For example, with an LBP weight ratio of 2:98 (reserve asset:project token), if your upfront capital is 50K USDC, and your starting price is 10 USDC, the amount of tokens you can sell is [(50K / 0.02) / 10] = approx. 250K tokens.

In contrast, if your upfront capital is 1M USDC, you’d be able to sell around 5M tokens.

How can I calculate different scenarios for the amount of tokens to sell, based on the amount of seed capital and pool weights?

You can use our LBP simulator to plug in your variables and see the projected results. (Best practice is to copy it so you have your own version, or even download to Excel.)

There's a lot going on there, but a good place to start is the "ad hoc" simulator at the top right. There, you can type in balances, weights, and the swap fee, and see what the initial price would be. Then you can type your starting values into the main interface on the top left, and experiment with different ending weights and sale rates to come up with a reasonable price curve. It will also display the total proceeds and leftover tokens.

You'll see right away that it is very sensitive to the sale rate. The price is derived from two values - balances and weights. And you only control one of them! Your weight "flipping" schedule determines how the weights will change over time, but (unless you intervene with further issuance or buybacks), balances only change through trades: mostly people buying your token with the reserve currency.

If people buy while the weights are constant - or someone places a huge order - the token price may go up sharply. This is how a token sale can get "stuck" on a platform like Uniswap, where the prices are set by balances only. This may be optimal for retail liquidity, but is much less so for a token sale.

In an LBP, buyers suffering sticker shock need only wait for the weights to adjust and the price to start dropping. (If they are impatient, they can call the public pokeWeights function themselves to tell the contract to update weights to the proper values at the current block.)

In practice, we have seen that the market is efficient. Traders do indeed keep the price within a fairly narrow band around the discovered market value. That is one reason we believe this is the fairest token distribution method yet discovered. And as a bonus, this price curve tends to maximize total proceeds of the sale.

Note that it may not always be possible to sell all available tokens in the desired price range with the capital available. In this case, you could either split up the sale into multiple tranches (either re-using the same pool, or making new pools, using the proceeds of each to fund the next), or alter the supply or weight function during the sale in various ways, as described below.

How can I influence the token price while running an LBP?

Unless you deposit tokens yourself during the sale (e.g, by adding additional liquidity through joinPool), the only way to affect prices during an LBP is by setting the target pool weights. Changing the target pool weights influences price, such that increasing the weight of an asset increases its relative price, and vice versa. The change in price gradually incentivizes investors to buy your token in exchange for the reserve asset(s), which then changes the balances of assets in the pool.

The design of the LBP tends to keep the sale price fairly even (or slightly declining) during the sale. However, this depends on the market buying pressure, which can only be estimated until the sale actually begins. If you have a really great project, or strong marketing, it is possible for buyers to "overpower" the weight changes and make the price drift upwards.

Conversely, if there is too little buy pressure, the price might drop faster than expected. In either case, it is possible to make the "price curve" steeper or shallower by adjusting the end weights. You can do this (as described below), up until the end of the sale, limited by your "minimum duration." For instance, if you've set the minimum duration to 2 hours, you can adjust the weights (or fine-tune the end block) until 2 hours before the final block, without extending the sale.

How do I change the weights of my LBP while it’s live?

Use the updateWeightsGradually function to put the contract into a state where it will respond to the pokeWeights call by setting all the weights according to the point on the "weight curve" corresponding to the current block. pokeWeights can be called by you, or anyone, to update the weights according to your LBP’s configuration.

You can also call updateWeight (as long as a gradual update is not running) to set weights arbitrarily - but this will not affect the price. It will transfer tokens as required such that the new balances and weights maintain current prices.

The GUI handles this for you, but in case you're not going through the GUI, and setting weights manually or programmatically, take care to use the same total denorm weights at the starting and ending points. For instance, to go from 96%/4% to 30%/70%, the start weights would be 24/1, and the end weights would be 7.5/17.5 - notice that both total to 25. The contract always interpolates linearly between the start and end weights - but the resulting price curve will only be linear if the weight totals match.

For instance, if you started at 24/1, and ended at 15/35, the percentages work out the same - but the weight curve would be shallower (i.e., go down slower).

What are the reserve assets I can sell my token for?

You can sell your token for any ERC-20 tokens. You can choose up to 7 other tokens to be used as reserve assets in your LBP token sale. Projects typically sell their tokens for highly liquid stablecoins such as DAI or USDC; and/or for WETH.

How do I get my token listed by name and logo on the Balancer exchange UI?

The Balancer team regularly monitors the crypto landscape and adds new tokens to our listings based on internal requirements. Tokens do not need to request to be listed on the exchange, as it is done proactively.

If you are launching an LBP and want to make sure that your token is listed on the exchange before launch, please contact the team for assistance.

How do I get my token whitelisted for BAL mining earnings?

This page describes the process.

After providing the initial seed capital needed to launch an LBP, do I need to deposit additional capital later?

No, you do not need any additional capital beyond the initial seed amount based on the starting weights you’ve selected for your pool. However, you do have the optional ability to deposit new capital into the pool as a buyback mechanism while the LBP is running.

If you use the LP whitelisting to disable public LPs, and wish to add liquidity yourself later, you will need to add your DSProxy address (if you're using the GUI) to the whitelist in order to do so. (On the smart pool GUI, this address can be found on the About page, under "smart pool controller".)

Can I deploy/control the LBP from a script?

Yes. Conversely, if you wrote your own script to deploy the pool (vs using the smart pool GUI), you can also manage it from the GUI. To do this, you would call setController (or use that feature on the Settings page, if you're starting from the GUI), and set it to the address you want to control the pool. You could deploy through the GUI, then setController to the account running the script (e.g., to set the swap fee dynamically based on an off-chain algorithm). To transfer it back, just call setController again from that script, setting it to your DSProxy address.

DSProxy contracts are "helper contracts" deployed per user account to make interacting with multiple pools easier and more gas-efficient. If you're starting from a script and don't have one, you can start to create a pool through the GUI, and it will prompt you to create a proxy as the first step.

The Pool Management GUI and Configurable Rights Pool are both open source. You can refer to the large test suite for many examples of how to interact with the CRP, and both the CRP suite and the Vue app contain helper functions for things like slippage and adding/removing liquidity. There are also many simulators available, linked at the bottom of the CRP Tutorial.

We've tried to make it as clear and straightforward as possible - but there are subtleties the GUI handles that you would need to hand-code in a script. For instance, balances for tokens with less than 18 must be "normalized." This includes many common tokens; e.g., USDC has 6, Compound cTokens all have 8, etc.

For instance, a balance of "10" in wei would be "10000000000000000000" for DAI (with 18 decimals), but "10000000" for USDC (with 6 decimals).

One final note - if you deploy a CRP through a script, we recommend using the standard CRPFactory (addresses here). If you deploy it "directly", it will still work, but will not be recognized by the BAL mining scripts, and you will need to do a redirect.

Can I use a "Pausable" token in the LBP?

You can, but there are special considerations in this case! Since Balancer is a permissionless protocol, once your tokens are "in the wild," anyone can do anything they want with them - including creating new Balancer pools (or Uniswap pools, or pools on any other protocol).

Normally this doesn't hurt anything - but if you pause the token contract after the sale - preventing all transfers - anyone who added liquidity to any of these other pools will no longer be able to withdraw their funds.

For this reason, your LBP pool definitely needs to use the "Must whitelist LPs" right to prevent public LPs - otherwise they could get "stuck" in this manner.

Since there is no way to prevent token holders from creating new Uniswap, Balancer, etc. pools during the sale, it would be a good idea to mention in your announcement that there is only one official pool - which does not allow adding liquidity - and any users who add liquidity to any "imposter" pools, or send them to any account they do not control, will lose funds if they fail to withdraw them before the end of the sale.

Can I allow public Liquidity Providers?

You can (though see above for special considerations when using non-standard token contracts). If you do not reserve the "Must whitelist LPs" right, anyone will be able to add liquidity to your pool. It is also possible to use the "cap" right to limit the total BPT supply (and therefore total value of the pool).

If you take this approach, there are a few things to keep in mind.

  • You will not be able to end the sale with removeToken, since you will not have anough BPT, and will need to "Remove Liquidity" to terminate the sale. Note that you cannot remove 100% from a smart pool, since there are minimum balance requirements, but you can remove very close to 100%, down to dust - whatever leaves all balances > 10^-6. One safe technique is to remove 99.9% first, see what's left, and then remove 99.9% again (if it's worth the gas).

  • It is possible for "whales" to unbalance your pool by adding large amounts of "single-sided" liquidity, instantaneously changing the prices, possibly enough to induce arbitrage and impermanent loss. Large initial balances (and swap fees) mitigate this risk. Also, the protocol prevents adding more than half the current balance of any token in a single transaction.

  • Since Balancer is a permissionless protocol, anyone can create new pools. Perhaps you have a staking protocol, and encourage LPs to stake their BPTs for additional earnings. In this case, it's important to make your users aware there might be "counterfeit" pools, and clearly direct them to your pool, whose tokens your staking contract accepts.

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