U-utah - Niagen is uniquely and orally bioavailable in mice and humans

https://utah.pure.elsevier.com/en/publications/nicotinamide-riboside-is-uniquely-and-orally-bioavailable-in-mice

Nicotinamide riboside (NR) is in wide use as an NAD + precursor vitamin. Here we determine the time and dose-dependent effects of NR on blood NAD + metabolism in humans. We report that human blood NAD + can rise as much as 2.7-fold with a single oral dose of NR in a pilot study of one individual, and that oral NR elevates mouse hepatic NAD + with distinct and superior pharmacokinetics to those of nicotinic acid and nicotinamide. We further show that single doses of 100, 300 and 1,000 mg of NR produce dose-dependent increases in the blood NAD + metabolome in the first clinical trial of NR pharmacokinetics in humans. We also report that nicotinic acid adenine dinucleotide (NAAD), which was not thought to be en route for the conversion of NR to NAD +, is formed from NR and discover that the rise in NAAD is a highly sensitive biomarker of effective NAD + repletion.

High Quality proof - New neutraceutical nicotinamide riboside (extracted from science)

University of Iowa Health Care. "First human clinical trial for nicotinamide riboside: Vitamin safely boosts levels of important cell metabolite linked to multiple health benefits." ScienceDaily. ScienceDaily, 10 October 2016. <www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2016/10/161010135418.htm>.

 In the first controlled clinical trial of nicotinamide riboside (NR), a newly discovered form of Vitamin B3, researchers have shown that the compound is safe for humans and increases levels of a cell metabolite that is critical for cellular energy production and protection against stress and DNA damage.

Studies in mice have shown that boosting the levels of this cell metabolite -- known as NAD+ -- can produce multiple health benefits, including resistance to weight gain, improved control of blood sugar and cholesterol, reduced nerve damage, and longer lifespan. Levels of NAD+ diminish with age, and it has been suggested that loss of this metabolite may play a role in age-related health decline.

These findings in animal studies have spurred people to take commercially available NR supplements designed to boost NAD+. However, these over-the-counter supplements have not undergone clinical trials to see if they work in people.

The new research, reported Oct. 10 in the journal Nature Communications, was led by Charles Brenner, PhD, professor and Roy J. Carver Chair of Biochemistry at the University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine in collaboration with colleagues at Queens University Belfast and ChromaDex Corp. (NASDAQ: CDXC), which supplied the NR used in the trial. Brenner is a consultant for ChromaDex. He also is co-founder and Chief Scientific Adviser of ProHealthspan, which sells NR supplements under the trade name Tru NIAGEN®.

1. Reversing Aging: Not as Crazy as You Think
2. Beyond Resveratrol: The Anti-Aging NAD Fad
3. Slow Down and Reverse Cellular Aging.
4. Improve Cognitive Function and Brain Power. 
5. Cardiovascular Support.
6. Enhance Natural Metabolism.

Aaqgs-Stoic 2017 narrative of Complete outline of scientific creation

Late 2017 view of different behavior on anti-matter neutrino at C2 facility. Outstanding Nobel prize work!!

self link

Top 3 quarters can be succinctly found in this link.

Science is about how to make an effective use of the complex and bewildering amount of data? What kind of evidence can ultimately answer the pressing questions that cosmologists, and particle physicists alike, are asking: namely, is there really dark energy? And if so, what is it exactly? Or, are there really particles whose physics goes beyond the Standard Model? And if so, what are they like?

The term ‘concordance model’ is used in cosmology to indicate the currently accepted and most commonly used cosmological model. It is important to identify a concordance model because the measurement of many astrophysical quantities (e.g. distance, radius, luminosity and surface brightness) depend upon the cosmological model used. Consequently, for ease of comparison if nothing else, the models assumed in different studies should at least be similar, if not identical.

Currently, the concordance model is the Lambda CDM model (which includes cold dark matter and a cosmological constant). In this model the Universe is 13.7 billion years old and made up of 4% baryonic matter, 23% dark matter and 73% dark energy. The Hubble constant for this model is 71 km/s/Mpc and the density of the Universe is very close to the critical value for re-collapse. These values were derived from WMAP (Wilkinson Microwave Anisotropy Probe) satellite observations of the cosmic microwave background radiation.

Do I know most answers? I KNOW have learned how little. but I know enough to know that for even a small fraction of that little, religion-based re pliers are not just different, but idiotic stupids without knowledge!

Largest ever map of the universe points to mysterious ‘dark energy’

Read moreA typical measure of scientific success is the ability of a scientific theory to deliver novel predictions, which — if experimentally proved — might constitute an important advance for our scientific knowledge. Philosophy of science has built an industry around confirmation theory.

It is possible only now (late 2017) to outline a complete outline consistent with Aaqgs (arun arya quantum gravity stoicism). We finally have a clue to why matter won over anti-matter at creation big bang and how entropy can be lost Quantum Mechanically, building a Maxwell demon around Landuer.

Antimatter is studied in particle decelerators.

You’ve heard of particle accelerators, but did you know there were also particle decelerators? CERN houses a machine called the Antiproton Decelerator, a storage ring that can capture and slow antiprotons to study their properties and behavior. 

In circular particle accelerators like the Large Hadron Collider, particles get a kick of energy each time they complete a rotation. Decelerators work in reverse; instead of an energy boost, particles get a kick backward to slow their speeds.

Why is any thing there i.e. space, time, or matter? Don't know much re space except this, at big bang time, entire space and universe fit into a few smallest size granularity which in turn could be cells in the multi-verse, current space is product of relentless inflation! Time arrow is march of entropy, irreversibility is solely from entropy. Matter exists because space without matter is unstable, particle pairs are produced everywhere in vacuum all the time.

my stoic view - Our universe, in the multiverse, lived, and died in great collapse who knows how many times, finite or infinite. In every edition but ours (destined to expand forever accelerated), the universe reached a maximum size and contracted to near nothing in eons, while entropy kept increasing, even while collapsing. But when the universe became small enough, quantum particles were born, same time high and low energy. They took on the entropy and lost it because they could. The universe contracted away thereafter, losing entropy till at last its compression could not continue, when it expanded in seconds to pea nut size and more matter was created which would increase the dark energy in next edition. This inflation and contraction continued till our final edition with so much dark energy that its inflation epoch would never end.

Why is my standard cosmological narrative superior to ANY religion based model you might have?! Empirical truth! Just get the gear and peer at sky (everywhere) to measures CMB! The cosmic microwave background (CMB) is electromagnetic radiation left over from an early stage of the universe in Big Bang cosmology. In older literature, the CMB is also variously known as cosmic microwave background radiation (CMBR) or "relic radiation".

1. The universe emitted a faint microwave glow CMB 380,000 years after big bang. Extensive decade long search through telescopes have built a vast distribution of stellar objects of last seven billion years. There is stark evolution relationship between CMB and the survey!

2. The spectral lines of quantum particles are present exactly in CMB. It says universe was atom sized once!

I am agnostic don't-care of your belief. All you must know is there are other logic and science supported belief with an open empirical challenge, no matter how strong your belief, you have no option to losing against unexplained empiricism. We no longer talk easy concepts with alternate explanations equally possible, here we talk time, space and genesis of matter and a universal CMB!

Universe evolution by atomic number i.e. the elements

At birth, the universe was a sea of photons and creation time matter in the form of Higg's bosons. There was equal amount of matter and anti-matter. But the matter neutrinos were not like anti-matter ones, and over billions of years, most antimatter became matter!

A HUGE MASS OF Higg’s boson was produced, trapped photons to become matter. Some of them became electrons and neutrino, other Higg's devolved to quarks and became hadrons. Some quarks became protons, some neutrons. The universe was a cloud of protons and alpha particles, both captured electrons (hydrogen and helium). The clouds of Hydrogen gravity-congealed, stars were born, lived and many died in supernova, spreading their guts in the galaxies in which they lived even as the inner core size-wise-diminished to dwarf stars to neutron stars to black holes.

Galaxies are gigantic collections of stars, gas and so-called dark matter. The smallest galaxies contain a few million stars, while the largest may contain several hundred billion stars. The first stars already emerged in the very early universe about 200 million years after the Big Bang, formed from the gases hydrogen and helium. These giant clouds of gas and dust contract and eventually the gas is so compact that that the pressure heats up the material, creating glowing balls of gas and new stars are born. The stars are collected into galaxies, the first of which were baby galaxies of a sort.

The theory of the astronomers is that the baby galaxies gradually grew larger and more massive by constantly forming new stars and by colliding with neighbouring galaxies to form new, larger galaxies. The largest galaxies in our current universe have thus been under constant formation throughout the history of the universe. Earth and our solar system are located in a large galaxy, the Milky Way.

Some nebula clouds gravity-compressed to solar systems. The new stars created had hydrogen drawn into the central star with huge gaseous Jupiters outside and higher element planets in the inner rings.

How do we evidence-based-know anything? Through powerful telescopes, the universe around us shows the systems forming in various stages! Belief in anything else (tautologies excluded), words of greats or deeply-respected-tomes, is from stupidly criminal faith!

The material for the inner ring planets was from supernova after helium to iron. Nobler materials were produced from the decay of neutron stars prior to their cores collapsing to black holes or through gamma ray bursts, or colliding dead stars. These rare elements like gold, platinum and uranium also were drawn to inner planets, though in small concentrations.

The Big Bang left behind hydrogen, helium and lithium. Stars then fused these elements into progressively heavier elements. But the process stops at iron, which is among the most stable elements. Nuclei bigger than iron are so positively charged, and so difficult to bring together, that fusion no longer returns more energy than you have to put in.

"To paraphrase Carl Sagan, we are all star stuff, and our jewelry is colliding-star stuff," says Berger of past.

In one of the solar system with a new star, the third planet had an atmosphere of carbon dioxide. Its hydrogen became water. Vegetation was born and spread. Atmosphere clarified with conversion of carbon dioxide to pure oxygen. Life in sea began to crawl out. Tectonic plates began to shape continents.

Earth revolved around the sun. But solar system revolved around the galactic center.to the plane of revolution, an angle was made by the plane of the solar system. In effect the system bobbed up- and down the galactic mean. This meant periodic bathing of planets in dark matter. This frequency coincides with geological data of great periodic devastation. As little as sixty million years ago, dark matter excited a meteor projectile that fell on earth and caused so much damage that dinosaurs were wiped out. Mammals took over.

Humans emerged a few hundred thousand years ago and some branches died out. Modern human started 20,000 years ago, the period is too small for bio-evolution. But technical evolution happened and by 2015, the age of normal science drew to a close. New science are AI, quantum etc, all mysterious. No one really understands QM and giant neural nets no one knows why they work so well.

Universe evolution by wavelength of electro-magnetic radiation

There are four recognized forces in 2017 - gravity, electromagnetic, weak and strong. Gravity is too puny, weak and strong important only in nuclei. Hence we can can focus on wavelengths of emr. Different wavelengths are useful for different purposes, for our quick walk in science, the distictions into radio, microwave, infra-red, visible, ultra-violet, x-ray and gamma-ray suffices. USA has had a great space telescope program for the distinctions. If the waves pass through atmosphere well, the telescopes can be earth bound like radio and microwave, Others require satellite based telescopes above atmosphere.

Spitzer  looks in infrared, it does so while trailing the Earth at about 0.1 AU (1 astronomical unit is the mean distance between the Earth and sun, or about 92,956,000 miles), thus free from atmospheric distortion. It spied the evidence of "hot Jupiters"—gas giants exoplanets roasting on one side and cool on the other. And Spitzer team compiled this stunning image of multiple generations of star formation.

Most of science in the visible region comes from Hubble. Hubble played a key role in discovering that a mysterious form of energy called dark energy is acting like a cosmic gas pedal, accelerating the universe's expansion rate. Dark energy shoves galaxies away from each other at ever-increasing speeds and works in opposition to gravity. Here are five important discoveries Hubble made possible in its quarter century orbiting Earth:

• Pinning down the age of the universe. ...
• Seeing galaxies in the early universe. ...
• New moons of Pluto. ...
• Understanding seasons on other planets. ...
• Exoplanet science.

It saw many things, way farther, hence closer in time to big bang. Its replacement, the Webb will see to within 500,000 years after the big bang, but not before since the universe was not transparent to light before that.

In the x-Ray and Gamma-ray,.we observe from Fermi telescope. We can now attack hard problems - cosmic rays, dark-matter, dark-energy. Low end speed of cosmic-ray protons can only arise from supernova. But that is already GEV like LHC (Large Hadron Collider)! Real fast cosmic-ray protons are even 1000 times faster! How can that happen? Turns out, our galaxy, the milky-way, has all it bodies in a plane. Perpendicular to the plane, it has two spherical regions, on either side, of particles moving under the influence of galactic central black hole. It is this that traps the low-end GEV protons from super-nova and accelerates them, to 1000 times the energy! Pretty theory, but now discarded with extra galactic source a better theory for 10^18 ev cosmic rays!

Shakespeare - we know what we are but not what we may become

This narrative goes on. LIGOs have detected gravity waves, a new chapter starts in astronomy even before LISA. By 2017, science had advanced to the making of universe accessible and predict its own limitations. SETI never yielded any thing, we might be alone in this galaxy or universe.

I hope they consider a eloquent miser saver Computer Scientist Professor now specializing in encryption, mental TBI worth saving, given a fit ancient, then weight lifting in 90s, after conquering and crushing all physical debilitation - genetic, accidental, or environmental; in the 2050's decade singularity.

Aaquantum return-from-dead

The hardest problem, finally being solved some, is how to dumb down technical presentations such that

1.       They are easy for educated layman to understand.

2.       They do not unnecessarily explain the obvious so much that the reader goes away in disgust

3.       They present enough detail for the layman reader to appreciate the value added

4.       The key to the difficulties removed cannot be found in the description

Solving 2 is hard because obviousness is a judgment by the reader based on their knowledge. That problem has been solved by moving the reasoning as a hyperlink to the use.

4 is important partly to escape losses and partly to avoid typing in. The vague hyperlinks to Sir mathematician says as a well-known reference to professional mathematicians (challenge able) or to aaquantum to indicate I believe solution is not obvious and can be milked commercially by aaquantum (challenge able by - if so, then x follows, x known hard or known impossible problem). Of course, even references to mathematician can be so challenged.

3 is tricky. How to suggest appreciation without giving away the keys – that is exactly what a zero knowledge proof ZKP is. Roughly I say on Cloud – this is the answer, you can check to make sure it is, if I claim no answer and you can find an answer (checkable by me!), million dollars is yours.

All this leads up to specific problems being solved by me.

1.       Aaquantum-encryption – unpervert able IBE

2.       Aaquantum-blockchain – private & public

1 Aaquantum encryption :

Most people approach encryption as a very complex subject. It is not, simple non-cardinal arithmetic of number theory, simple enough for elementary computer science

A) No one on earth, but me, can find square root (all mathematics in this section is modulo some user family member specific 1000 to 10,000 bit semi-prime)[Sir math, cryptology]. That makes my method distinct. 

B) Everything but sqrt extraction is freely distributable. My bugs mean nothing!

C) Check for any sqrt is square, available for free!

D) All published numbers can have proof attached. Computer databases, directories are fine except running continuous attacks on all connections, even then only starvation, not authentication!

 All communication to me is encrypted by my published modulo and to anyone by their published modulo, all published numbers with proof! So first time every year for every number, you must check the proof!

1.       Proof that a family f has a member m named n

2.       Proof that m has a semi-prime p

To send to anyone, consult local (or global but check and save) for semi-prime and use strong RSA!

2 Aaquantum blockchain

Everyone has heard of crypto-currency bitcoin.We are moving towards a government-free in a very non-Marxist capitalist way in which governments fall simply because their currencies fail! All politics is ultimately about collection and division of money. The block-chain technology underlies the crypto-currency. It has many other uses.

Most people approach crypto-currency or block-chain as very complex subject. It is not, simple decentralized parallel databases, simple for elementary computer science. If you think as abstractions, all the application, all the envisaged and undreamt so far, can be made by simple instantiation and some extensions, in any case, murdering the bugs once!

Consider a payment with many miners and others recording them. You need to have money from total of all previous history. You cannot double dip – Previous transactions will show it. Everyone must have all transactions in same order – is non-commutative operators unlike + have to be handled. Why will miners maintain the records? For a fee like 6/100 cent a block, unlike 25 cent in real bank. Various encryptions are needed for privacy, same order, etc. One can tie the number of currency to the total miner earnings, too small for rapid in initial growth! You can have battle of crypto-currency, since deposits are limited to reuse and mining adds. It might be two or one forked off, deposits equal to another currency at start.

That block-chains are considered deep is emfubar indictment of bankers! But why should miners complain! There is a lot of very clever cryptography for ensuring things. But the concepts are simple if you separate out the cryptography.

Currency is ice-berg tip

Let me not get carried away as blockchain destroying governments by 2050. Let us just focus on doables by 2030. Remember that crdit card settlement costs .40 cents to blockchain .04. Lets fuck some bankers!

Trade – Nasdaq does private Linq blockchain, it enables it recordkeeping prior to public listing!

Settlement – US-SEC has allowed Overstock.com issue of bond and stock-record-keep via blockchain .

Exchange – Intellectual-property, physical, tokens.

Real estate – end title-insurance, title-review, register assetws, taxation!

Retail trade – price comparison, tracking escrow.

Supply chain – consider Everledger and diamons, all diamond id and fingerprint blockchain.

Cash-reserve – reduced collaterall settlement time. Custom charges! International trade!

Smart contracts – step chain. Fraudless estimation and management, no excuse invention! IBM

Algorithmic regulation – Lawyers/judges are emfubar! Direct applications, only  provables.

It relates strongly to my verifiable mail! Suppose I say to a company

I topped dept. at IIT Kanpur. I research at Bell labs. I taught at University of Massachusetts and Minnesota. I had major accident and extensive mal-treatment. I am considered TBI by US social security. My mother thinks I have improved from 20% in-senses/not-danger-to-self to 70% in-senses/not-danger-to-self.

A company is unlikely to believe me but not in a blockchain world or my verifiable-email! Take your pick!

Amazon complaint

Amazon – whoever it concerns

Gentlemen,

I am unhappy at what amazon has slipped into, specially after choosing it over ebay, and bringing most of my online purchases to it. In some cases, I have pictures to back me up. This complaint has cost me several hours. You can try escape by being unresponsive, but this time it will hurt you much worse – makeup, penalties, fight-costs, indignation, bad publicity. I intend to keep sending it.

1.       ----------------------------------------------------------------

      1. Problem: One of my orders was cancelled without request. I am not responsible for seller games! Amazon has a duty to its own good name and our goodwill for it. After telling me that the seller has done it, nothing has happened since june.

To my complaint, amazon replied that was done by the seller. How can amazon allow the sellers to play that game without mentioning that prominently? I require amazon to find and supply an equivalent powered USB3.0 5star.

Pic item 

Pic of cancel

2.      ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------

2-      2- Amazon software cheats! Problem – money was removed from my payback but never used.

R70 was deducted from my payback and never added to my order! This is a software bug which has fleeced god-knows how many customers before. It is the kind of mistake that is given class status in USA! I spent a whole day figuring out and another arguing with amazon (transcripts mailed). No action, the pair came late, no correction! All about order# 171-0261412-7717162!

Detailed bill for 171-0261412-7717162, coupons reduced

Pic shows deduction, item cause of deduction 171-0261412-7717162

Pic shows charge bill for item Pic 171-0261412-7717162 no cash removed

3.       ---------------------------------------------------------------

      3. Problem – wrong send!

Instead of ordered 200 mg coQ10 60 tablets, the first shipment of 2 had 100mg capsules I had ordered6, wanted to order more, but was order-software prevented. Not only software saved amazon, it saved me from amazon fraud, for the supplements are NOT medicine by law, even though so used by me. Right now I solve my problem by quaffing 2 at a time, twice a day! Please fix me by either sending me more (3) 200 mg bottles or even more 100 mg bottles (6) to make up difference.

Picture of ad today, proclaims my order before and date

Ad today has changed the bottle! Amazon has done new change after I ordered, similar to acse beore solved by lot of time but no loss, ad not trusted anymore. So I took pics to catch lying execs.

Ad before, shows 60 200mg capsules per bottle.

You must meet the ad, I am not crazy to order expensive for 6 months, only reasonable on cost for 200 mg!

Ecstatic end of improbable journey, What next

Aging is a disease far worse than others.

I got involved in a project that helps my parents now and me eventually, as will it, you whenever – immortality is not sought by anyone but religious insane; however neologism of amortality i.e. pain-free life and only short painful episodes at the end of 90-100 years of robust life with outside chance of being around whensingularity comes and being able to afford it; that is a rational and doable wish if careful and adventurous.

I am personally ecstatic at having discovered a defensible and disc losable technique for adding robust 10 years to my life through ECP , metformin, Niagen and coQ10; with blood transfusion and rapamycin as work to be done. Even more ecstatic in finding a evidence based explanation for an empirically observed truth – a physician is best possible scientist in all acute illnesses; but awful in chronic management. My Donald Trump argument against fake chronic evidence claims.

I have very slowly but very definitely improved to the point that while very poor in long interactions in person, I have clear episodes which can be joined together for certain money making professions, namely software and authorship. That is the way for me to go, even when my parents are no longer there and I have to face the world without kids. I am blessed to have great sisters and wonderful in-laws. Briefly, I can survive well without parents or kids, never mind my TBI disabilities with help of SS, shuck able soon!

Proof for Niagen

Niagen is a proven(*) anti-oxidant chemical for anti-aging, being an active noflushing form of vitamin B3.

 1) it is sold as nutraceutal to avoid FDA to escape long tests and government-big-brotherism (sales by prescription only) but loses scientific scrutiny standardized for others. Nor can inventors prevent others, or studies with possible conflict-of-interest.

2) University of Iowa  proof

3) University of Utah proof

Proof for ECP

ECP was invented at Harvard as technique to assist heart patients but was ignored by stenting popularity. It went to china and emerged with improved machines and flurry of medical papers since 2000. It is NOT known in India, but it can greatly help patients and elderly!

Enhanced External Counter Pulsation (EECP) or non-trademarked ECP is performed as a non-invasive treatment to lower the number and intensity of angina episodes. Treatment is administered by a machine through three pairs of external inflatable cuffs that are applied around the lower legs, upper legs and buttocks; properly synchronized with heart. It is proprietary but in eyes of this comed doctor, is equaled by others.

Aetna (huge medical insurance co, USA) considers a course of up to 35 sessions of external counterpulsation (ECP) medically necessary for members who meet both of the following criteria: A) Members with disabling chronic stable angina (New York Heart Association Class III or Class IV angina) (see Appendix); and B) Members are refractory to maximum medical therapy and not readily amenable to surgical intervention such as percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty (PTCA) or cardiac bypass due to any of the following: Their condition is inoperable; or They are at high-risk of operative complications or post-operative failure; or Their coronary anatomy is not readily amenable to such procedures; or They have co-morbid states that create excessive risk.
There is no proven benefit to extending a course of ECP beyond 35 sessions.

Proof for coQ10

Anti-oxidant co-enzyme Q10 is prescribed by acute heart medical doctors to improve strength and reduce the small but present aide-effects of statin drugs. Aging - early study suggests that a combination of CoQ10 and other antioxidants and minerals may improve skin roughness and fine wrinkles. Further research is needed to understand CoQ10's role in skin aging.In Alzheimer's disease  - There is some evidence that idebenone, a man-made compound similar to CoQ10, may benefit people with Alzheimer's disease. However, the effect of CoQ10 itself is unclear.

CoQ10 is sold in many forms with differing rationalization and claims of effectivenes. There is one form that provably towers above all - mitoq, hundreds of times better than coQ10 and also very expensive. There is NO mitoq like form of niagen on market today.

As comed doctor, I can vouch for increased energy feeling in me. There is a vicious cycle - exercise (critical) raises effort-capability, but that capability requires increased energy! CoQ10 helped me break the cycle!

Proof for metformin

Metformin is a cheap salt safe enough to be used for diabetes. It extends patient lives over insulin or insulin progenitors. As comed doctor, I think insulin is contraindicated for long use in elderly patients. It is like IGF-1. Also I believe that medically unnecessary metformin has no evil side effects mostly and will extend the robust lifespans of elderly.

Metfomin requiresa fair amount of work as its diabetic use is licensed.

Metformin is known by type-2 diabetics. Investigation into its mechanism of action not only explained its primary use, but also other things for good and bad, good being anticancer and antiage properties, principal bad being overweightness.

The most well-known mechanism of metformin action, one of the most commonly prescribed antidiabetic drugs, is AMPK adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase activation; however, recent investigations have shown that adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase-independent pathways can explain some of metformin's beneficial metabolic effects as well as undesirable side-effects. Such novel pathways include induction of mitochondrial stress, inhibition of mitochondrial shuttles, alteration of intestinal microbiota, 
suppression of glucagon signaling, activation of autophagy, attenuation of inflammasome activation, induction of incretin receptors and reduction of terminal endoplasmic reticulum stress. Together, these studies have broadened our understanding of the mechanisms of antidiabetic agents as well as the pathogenic mechanism of diabetes itself. The results of such investigations might help to identify new target molecules and pathways for treatment of diabetes and metabolic syndrome, and could also have broad implications in diseases other than diabetes.

Thepaper presents applications in antiage and anticancer applications. CDC is evaluating the drug since 2016 and there are lot of anecdotal stories of being beneficial. Given the minor effects of mild overdosing, a doctor-mediated self-experiment is foolhardy but not fully arguable against. Certainly diabetics like me get full benefits at no additional cost, just need to be more aggressive on insulin.

Proof for Transfusion

Could the elixir of youth be as simple as a protein found in young blood? In recent years, researchers studying mice found that giving old animals blood from young ones can reverse some signs of aging, and last year one team identified a growth factor in the blood that they think is partly responsible for the antiaging effect on a specific tissue—the heart. Now, that group has shown this same factor can also rejuvenate muscle and the brain.

If parbiosis works, one does not have to unethically extract blood from young humans. In vitro RBC production from stem cells could represent an alternative to classic transfusion products. Until now the clinical feasibility of this concept has not been demonstrated. We addressed the question of the capacity of cultured RBCs (cRBCs) to survive in humans. By using a culture protocol permitting erythroid differentiation from peripheral CD34(+) HSC, we generated a homogeneous population of cRBC functional in terms of their deformability, enzyme content, capacity of their hemoglobin to fix/release oxygen, and expression of blood group antigens. We then demonstrated in the nonobese diabetes/severe combined immunodeficiency mouse that cRBC encountered in vivo the conditions necessary for their complete maturation. These data provided the rationale for injecting into one human a homogeneous sample of  cRBCs generated under good manufacturing practice conditions and labeled. The level of these cells in the circulation 26 days after injection was between 41% and 63%, which compares favorably with the reported half-life for native RBCs. Their survival in vivo testifies globally to their quality and functionality. These data establish the proof of principle for transfusion of in vitro-generated RBCs and path the way toward new developments in transfusion medicine.

Apart from ethics and administration, cell stems have guaranteed no-side-effects from compatibility.

Proof for rapamycin

Rapamycin is a chemical produced by soil bacteria. In lab experiments, the chemical has significantly lengthened the lifespan of yeasts, worms, fruit flies and mice. It's currently being tested in pet dogs. If this trial is successful, rapamycin may then be tested in humans. Rapamycin seems to work by inhibiting a protein known as mTOR.

The goal of anti-aging techniques varies. For some researchers, the main objective is to prolong life. For others, the aim is not so much to extend life but instead to ward off those diseases that are more common in old age.

Rapamycin is useful in cancers. BACKGROUND:

There is much discussion in the cancer drug development community about how to incorporate molecular tools into early-stage clinical trials to assess target modulation, measure anti-tumor activity, and enrich the clinical trial population for patients who are more likely to benefit. Small, molecularly focused clinical studies offer the promise of the early definition of optimal biologic dose and patient population.

METHODS AND FINDINGS:

Based on preclinical evidence that phosphatase and tensin homolog deleted on Chromosome 10 (PTEN) loss sensitizes tumors to the inhibition of mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR), conducted a proof-of-concept Phase I neoadjuvant trial of rapamycin in patients with recurrent glioblastoma, whose tumors lacked expression of the tumor suppressor PTEN. 

There exists well-funded development trajectory from cancer applications.

Extrapolating from mice

Mice are excellent for testing effects. For cellular products assuming identical effects, the effects can be scaled up by constancy of per kg. weight, hence by raw weight in pre-human testing and estimating effects, to closer biomodel like primates. In USA, 10% is used as threshold of damage, meaning that 10% of mice damage is considered to be the safe upper limit by weight, So 10,000 mg safe limit for mice translates to 1000 mg limit for human of average weight. In that sense Niagen is very safe at all therapeutic levels. However +ve results may require scaling up of equivalent levels too.

Human trials are greatly effected if the goal of test chemical is to activate another. The g\oal of niagen or niacinamide or others is nad+, itself an upgradable product in nadh-nad+ energy cycle. One can measure effectiveness of precursors by measuring nad+, doable by standard assays. Done so, one finds vrious forms of coQ10, mitoq and niagen have different effects.

Extrapolating from customers

Niagen, mitoq and coQ10 have been on market for years. Any one can draw conclusions from published reactions and do their own study. Unlike research or manufacturer-studies, they can be ethically tailored for consumers. But fraud is easy, prevalent, profitable, even sound studies are subtly tainted (conflict of interest). A reliable study is aq meaningless concept, better is xyz-study, where xyz variew. Some top problems are -

fake feedback - retailer or manufacturer instigation
adverse selection - selection of stories more attractive, may be consumer or retailer driven
typing incompleteness only relevant to a thesis, may be psychological
semantic incompleteness
etc

Retailer has some interest in ensuring error freedoms. My own bias is ignoreation of small sample of stars, ignore reviews unless lot of them from certified buyers. ignore even star from 1 to 5 etc. The feedback is crucial new development for everything from story reactions, voting, products, quality measurement, including all of IoT! I have great fresh application of my earth-unique unabusable identity based encryption fiber.

Extrapolation by complimentary medicine

For now, I am the only practitioner. Key principles identified are

1. For every acute sickness, only traditional doctors make sense.
2. Comed doctors will not prescribe any drugs to be solely prescribed by traditional doctors.
The complementary nature shows by limitation to supplements and non-traditional uses of other prescriptions - metformin and ECP.
3. They will work with traditional medicine, observing their contraindications but ignore deprecation.
4. The very foundation of rapid drug testing is suspect in chronic diseases, as is unsupervised long term studies.

Let us imagine that I have a FIBER shop. Age extension studies are conducted along with sales. Let us examine me (i.e. my underlings) and customers, who would be honest, since they pay! Fake feedback is controlled by mixing honest doing illegal things - should be trapped! Adverse selection is by numbering feedback before and independently. Tying to any kind of incompleteness is also eliminated by numbering. Semantic incompleteness is by feedback from committee of critics, parsed by reasoned criticism and ignored bullshit otherwise. All easy nonsense problems are FIBER-defeated, like man-in-the-middle, repeat submissions etc! In fact there is one-to-one correspondence between easy-failures in customer-based-studies and encryption-hacking!

Conclusion

I hope they consider a eloquent miser saver Computer Scientist Professor now specializing in encryption, mental TBI worth saving, given a fit ancient, then weight lifting in 90s, after conquering and crushing all physical debilitation - genetic, accidental, or environmental; in the 2050's decade singularity.

Complementary Medicine coMedicine

https://nccih.nih.gov/sites/nccam.nih.gov/files/styles/original_squ/public/diabetes%20diabetic_ThinkstockPhotos-518430316_squares.jpg
http://aaqg-arunarya.blogspot.in/2017/08/complementary-medicine-comedicine.html

Allopathic medicine, as practiced over 50 years, isexcellent and scientific for acute care, however very poor for chronic care. Aaqgs-I believe that lacuna is a consequence of the limitation of the standard evidence based dose-response method used by traditional medicine for 50% useful outcomes in chronic care, as opposed to 100% in acute care.

This general indictment does not support other medicine systems that also pass as complementary medicine, or even general applications of parts of medicine like osteopathy or chiropractic. It simply posits that my approach is better evidence based scientific. Given there is no clear definition of these terms, I begin by explaining what I mean.

A scientific theory is empirical, not special to a person, experimental two ways. One can compare the outcomes at two different points and compare two procedures. One can compare doses using the same procedure with different doses. It is UNETHICAL to compare to placebo in many cases! Whenever placebo comparison is unethical, one must compare alternate treatments!

In many applications like age enhancement, other than harsh calorie restriction, there is NO known method. Hence placebo trials are fair, provided that placebo-patients are given short readable facts about calorie-restriction and the trial is prepared with statistical estimate of departures.

Flaw seen

If two outcomes are seen at widely spaced points in time and disease history, while the acute phases of the disease may have been correctly addressed, the treatments may make the deeper causes worse and the next acute phase may in fact be worse!

This is greatly seen in the war in Afghanistan and Iraq experience in phase1. The overwhelming US strength was greatly used in acute phase, but the insurgents regrew and the problem became as bad in chronic phase!

Suppressing sugar release and reducing its concentration by insulin are two strategies in diabetes. The suppression by insulin is considered bad since I think that the useful role of insulin in youth becomes damaging in later years for diabetes 2 and Alzheimer’s – managing insulin-resistance by more insulin is stupid! Meanwhile, Metformin has beneficial effects by other pathways. This means that pure Metformin patients will see improved lifespan, pure insulin or near shorter lifespan, and largely metformin no gain.

First coMedicine trial

While any chronic disease like diabetes, heart trouble management etc shall be taken up, the founding trial only relates to age. Both Arya-method and test-age methods will be used for evaluating undertrials, the effects will be measured at start, death or when the clock strikes end-trial. The trial may continue.

The placebo-patients can undertake any life-extension methods except those being studied. The subject-patients will undergo one ECP,alternate day use Niagen and coQ10-pair, and take 1000 mg metformin if nondiabetic to 2000-2500 mg if diabetic. Ramp up to metformin may be needed. No food instructions are necessary as the amount  in normal food is negligible. I believe that improved feeling and 10 year extension in lifespan will be seen.

This marks the first statement of intentions and initial letter to Google (Kurzweil), NIH (National center for complementary and Integrative Health) etc. India Vaishali is perfect place to conduct the trial at very small cost but in ethical way under a tough US Citizen.