Tuesday, November 14, 2017

Creation of elements


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As a proud apatheist, not only are religious accounts of creation pathetic, I am very curious about the filling in of gaps in lambda CDM, the standard cosmological model! When the big bang happened, even after cooling of several hundreds of thousands of years, only hydrogen, helium and some lithium were present. So where did all the other elements come from?

We suspect fairly certain, all till iron came from supernova explosions that enriched the galactic gas clouds with the newly forged elements. Why iron? All the heavier elements are entropically impossible, they came from collisions of neutron stars, or type 1A star explosions to form especially fierce supernova etc.

But science is not from great men or books. It is a collection of consistent hypothesis that match reality and are generated by the true rishi of the times, often extrapolated to discover new reality. Far more fun than the fact that earth is a sphere orbiting the sun are the observations of why a sphere and why orbit the sun! And the experiments cost lot of money and may fail!

Brings me to Hitomi. Before its brief mission ended unexpectedly in March 2016, Japan's Hitomi X-ray observatory captured exceptional information about the motions of hot gas in the Perseus galaxy cluster. Now, thanks to unprecedented detail provided by an instrument developed jointly by NASA and the Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency (JAXA), scientists have been able to analyze more deeply the chemical make-up of this gas, providing new insights into the stellar explosions that formed most of these elements and cast them into space.

The Perseus cluster, located 240 million light-years away in its namesake constellation, is the brightest galaxy cluster in X-rays and among the most massive near Earth. It contains thousands of galaxies orbiting within a thin hot gas, all bound together by gravity. The gas averages 90 million degrees Fahrenheit (50 million degrees Celsius) and is the source of the cluster's X-ray emission.

 Read more at: 
https://phys.org/news/2017-11-hitomi-mission-glimpses-cosmic-recipe.html#jCp.
Hitomi was an X-ray satellite carrying first class X_RAY spectrometer from US Goddard. The very big surprise from a yearlong crunch of just few month long survival, is that Perseus cluster spectrum analysis indicates elements and proportions like our sun! May be a coincidence, but otherwise how could it be? Arun – my explanation is that ALL (or mostly) evolutions of galaxies are the same in all parts of the Universe, and we will see the same thing repeatedly! Similar supernova enrichment and creation.

And my hypothesis does not have to wait long! NASA scientists are now working to regain the science capabilities lost in the Hitomi mishap by collaborating on the X-ray Astronomy Recovery Mission (XARM), expected to launch in 2021. One of its instruments will have capabilities similar to the SXS flown on Hitomi.

Read more at: 
https://phys.org/news/2017-11-hitomi-mission-glimpses-cosmic-recipe.html#jCp



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