Friday, August 11, 2017

Ecstatic end of improbable journey, What next


Aging is a disease far worse than others.

I got involved in a project that helps my parents now and me eventually, as will it, you whenever – immortality is not sought by anyone but religious insane; however neologism of amortality i.e. pain-free life and only short painful episodes at the end of 90-100 years of robust life with outside chance of being around whensingularity comes and being able to afford it; that is a rational and doable wish if careful and adventurous.

I am personally ecstatic at having discovered a defensible and disc losable technique for adding robust 10 years to my life through ECP , metformin, Niagen and coQ10; with blood transfusion and rapamycin as work to be done. Even more ecstatic in finding a evidence based explanation for an empirically observed truth – a physician is best possible scientist in all acute illnesses; but awful in chronic management. My Donald Trump argument against fake chronic evidence claims.


I have very slowly but very definitely improved to the point that while very poor in long interactions in person, I have clear episodes which can be joined together for certain money making professions, namely software and authorship. That is the way for me to go, even when my parents are no longer there and I have to face the world without kids. I am blessed to have great sisters and wonderful in-laws. Briefly, I can survive well without parents or kids, never mind my TBI disabilities with help of SS, shuck able soon!

Proof for Niagen

Niagen is a proven(*) anti-oxidant chemical for anti-aging, being an active noflushing form of vitamin B3.

 1) it is sold as nutraceutal to avoid FDA to escape long tests and government-big-brotherism (sales by prescription only) but loses scientific scrutiny standardized for others. Nor can inventors prevent others, or studies with possible conflict-of-interest.

2) University of Iowa  proof

Proof for ECP

ECP was invented at Harvard as technique to assist heart patients but was ignored by stenting popularity. It went to china and emerged with improved machines and flurry of medical papers since 2000. It is NOT known in India, but it can greatly help patients and elderly!

Enhanced External Counter Pulsation (EECP) or non-trademarked ECP is performed as a non-invasive treatment to lower the number and intensity of angina episodes. Treatment is administered by a machine through three pairs of external inflatable cuffs that are applied around the lower legs, upper legs and buttocks; properly synchronized with heart. It is proprietary but in eyes of this comed doctor, is equaled by others.

Aetna (huge medical insurance co, USA) considers a course of up to 35 sessions of external counterpulsation (ECP) medically necessary for members who meet both of the following criteria: A) Members with disabling chronic stable angina (New York Heart Association Class III or Class IV angina) (see Appendix); and B) Members are refractory to maximum medical therapy and not readily amenable to surgical intervention such as percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty (PTCA) or cardiac bypass due to any of the following: Their condition is inoperable; or They are at high-risk of operative complications or post-operative failure; or Their coronary anatomy is not readily amenable to such procedures; or They have co-morbid states that create excessive risk.
There is no proven benefit to extending a course of ECP beyond 35 sessions.

Proof for coQ10

Anti-oxidant co-enzyme Q10 is prescribed by acute heart medical doctors to improve strength and reduce the small but present aide-effects of statin drugs. Aging - early study suggests that a combination of CoQ10 and other antioxidants and minerals may improve skin roughness and fine wrinkles. Further research is needed to understand CoQ10's role in skin aging.In Alzheimer's disease  - There is some evidence that idebenone, a man-made compound similar to CoQ10, may benefit people with Alzheimer's disease. However, the effect of CoQ10 itself is unclear.

CoQ10 is sold in many forms with differing rationalization and claims of effectivenes. There is one form that provably towers above all - mitoq, hundreds of times better than coQ10 and also very expensive. There is NO mitoq like form of niagen on market today.

As comed doctor, I can vouch for increased energy feeling in me. There is a vicious cycle - exercise (critical) raises effort-capability, but that capability requires increased energy! CoQ10 helped me break the cycle!

Proof for metformin

Metformin is a cheap salt safe enough to be used for diabetes. It extends patient lives over insulin or insulin progenitors. As comed doctor, I think insulin is contraindicated for long use in elderly patients. It is like IGF-1. Also I believe that medically unnecessary metformin has no evil side effects mostly and will extend the robust lifespans of elderly.

Metfomin requiresa fair amount of work as its diabetic use is licensed.

Metformin is known by type-2 diabetics. Investigation into its mechanism of action not only explained its primary use, but also other things for good and bad, good being anticancer and antiage properties, principal bad being overweightness.

The most well-known mechanism of metformin action, one of the most commonly prescribed antidiabetic drugs, is AMPK adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase activation; however, recent investigations have shown that adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase-independent pathways can explain some of metformin's beneficial metabolic effects as well as undesirable side-effects. Such novel pathways include induction of mitochondrial stress, inhibition of mitochondrial shuttles, alteration of intestinal microbiota, 
suppression of glucagon signaling, activation of autophagy, attenuation of inflammasome activation, induction of incretin receptors and reduction of terminal endoplasmic reticulum stress. Together, these studies have broadened our understanding of the mechanisms of antidiabetic agents as well as the pathogenic mechanism of diabetes itself. The results of such investigations might help to identify new target molecules and pathways for treatment of diabetes and metabolic syndrome, and could also have broad implications in diseases other than diabetes.

Thepaper presents applications in antiage and anticancer applications. CDC is evaluating the drug since 2016 and there are lot of anecdotal stories of being beneficial. Given the minor effects of mild overdosing, a doctor-mediated self-experiment is foolhardy but not fully arguable against. Certainly diabetics like me get full benefits at no additional cost, just need to be more aggressive on insulin.

Proof for Transfusion


If parbiosis works, one does not have to unethically extract blood from young humans. In vitro RBC production from stem cells could represent an alternative to classic transfusion products. Until now the clinical feasibility of this concept has not been demonstrated. We addressed the question of the capacity of cultured RBCs (cRBCs) to survive in humans. By using a culture protocol permitting erythroid differentiation from peripheral CD34(+) HSC, we generated a homogeneous population of cRBC functional in terms of their deformability, enzyme content, capacity of their hemoglobin to fix/release oxygen, and expression of blood group antigens. We then demonstrated in the nonobese diabetes/severe combined immunodeficiency mouse that cRBC encountered in vivo the conditions necessary for their complete maturation. These data provided the rationale for injecting into one human a homogeneous sample of  cRBCs generated under good manufacturing practice conditions and labeled. The level of these cells in the circulation 26 days after injection was between 41% and 63%, which compares favorably with the reported half-life for native RBCs. Their survival in vivo testifies globally to their quality and functionality. These data establish the proof of principle for transfusion of in vitro-generated RBCs and path the way toward new developments in transfusion medicine.

Apart from ethics and administration, cell stems have guaranteed no-side-effects from compatibility.
Proof for rapamycin


Rapamycin is a chemical produced by soil bacteria. In lab experiments, the chemical has significantly lengthened the lifespan of yeasts, worms, fruit flies and mice. It's currently being tested in pet dogs. If this trial is successful, rapamycin may then be tested in humans. Rapamycin seems to work by inhibiting a protein known as mTOR.

The goal of anti-aging techniques varies. For some researchers, the main objective is to prolong life. For others, the aim is not so much to extend life but instead to ward off those diseases that are more common in old age.





Rapamycin is useful in cancers. BACKGROUND:

METHODS AND FINDINGS:

Based on preclinical evidence that phosphatase and tensin homolog deleted on Chromosome 10 (PTEN) loss sensitizes tumors to the inhibition of mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR), conducted a proof-of-concept Phase I neoadjuvant trial of rapamycin in patients with recurrent glioblastoma, whose tumors lacked expression of the tumor suppressor PTEN. 

There exists well-funded development trajectory from cancer applications.

Extrapolating from mice

Mice are excellent for testing effects. For cellular products assuming identical effects, the effects can be scaled up by constancy of per kg. weight, hence by raw weight in pre-human testing and estimating effects, to closer biomodel like primates. In USA, 10% is used as threshold of damage, meaning that 10% of mice damage is considered to be the safe upper limit by weight, So 10,000 mg safe limit for mice translates to 1000 mg limit for human of average weight. In that sense Niagen is very safe at all therapeutic levels. However +ve results may require scaling up of equivalent levels too.

Human trials are greatly effected if the goal of test chemical is to activate another. The g\oal of niagen or niacinamide or others is nad+, itself an upgradable product in nadh-nad+ energy cycle. One can measure effectiveness of precursors by measuring nad+, doable by standard assays. Done so, one finds vrious forms of coQ10, mitoq and niagen have different effects.

Extrapolating from customers

Niagen, mitoq and coQ10 have been on market for years. Any one can draw conclusions from published reactions and do their own study. Unlike research or manufacturer-studies, they can be ethically tailored for consumers. But fraud is easy, prevalent, profitable, even sound studies are subtly tainted (conflict of interest). A reliable study is aq meaningless concept, better is xyz-study, where xyz variew. Some top problems are -

fake feedback - retailer or manufacturer instigation
adverse selection - selection of stories more attractive, may be consumer or retailer driven
typing incompleteness only relevant to a thesis, may be psychological
semantic incompleteness
etc

Retailer has some interest in ensuring error freedoms. My own bias is ignoreation of small sample of stars, ignore reviews unless lot of them from certified buyers. ignore even star from 1 to 5 etc. The feedback is crucial new development for everything from story reactions, voting, products, quality measurement, including all of IoT! I have great fresh application of my earth-unique unabusable identity based encryption fiber.

Extrapolation by complimentary medicine

For now, I am the only practitioner. Key principles identified are

1. For every acute sickness, only traditional doctors make sense.
2. Comed doctors will not prescribe any drugs to be solely prescribed by traditional doctors.
The complementary nature shows by limitation to supplements and non-traditional uses of other prescriptions - metformin and ECP.
3. They will work with traditional medicine, observing their contraindications but ignore deprecation.
4. The very foundation of rapid drug testing is suspect in chronic diseases, as is unsupervised long term studies.

Let us imagine that I have a FIBER shop. Age extension studies are conducted along with sales. Let us examine me (i.e. my underlings) and customers, who would be honest, since they pay! Fake feedback is controlled by mixing honest doing illegal things - should be trapped! Adverse selection is by numbering feedback before and independently. Tying to any kind of incompleteness is also eliminated by numbering. Semantic incompleteness is by feedback from committee of critics, parsed by reasoned criticism and ignored bullshit otherwise. All easy nonsense problems are FIBER-defeated, like man-in-the-middle, repeat submissions etc! In fact there is one-to-one correspondence between easy-failures in customer-based-studies and encryption-hacking!

Conclusion

I hope they consider a eloquent miser saver Computer Scientist Professor now specializing in encryption, mental TBI worth saving, given a fit ancient, then weight lifting in 90s, after conquering and crushing all physical debilitation - genetic, accidental, or environmentalin the 2050's decade singularity.

Complementary Medicine coMedicine

https://nccih.nih.gov/sites/nccam.nih.gov/files/styles/original_squ/public/diabetes%20diabetic_ThinkstockPhotos-518430316_squares.jpg
http://aaqg-arunarya.blogspot.in/2017/08/complementary-medicine-comedicine.html

Allopathic medicine, as practiced over 50 years, isexcellent and scientific for acute care, however very poor for chronic care. Aaqgs-I believe that lacuna is a consequence of the limitation of the standard evidence based dose-response method used by traditional medicine for 50% useful outcomes in chronic care, as opposed to 100% in acute care.

This general indictment does not support other medicine systems that also pass as complementary medicine, or even general applications of parts of medicine like osteopathy or chiropractic. It simply posits that my approach is better evidence based scientific. Given there is no clear definition of these terms, I begin by explaining what I mean.

A scientific theory is empirical, not special to a person, experimental two ways. One can compare the outcomes at two different points and compare two procedures. One can compare doses using the same procedure with different doses. It is UNETHICAL to compare to placebo in many cases! Whenever placebo comparison is unethical, one must compare alternate treatments!

In many applications like age enhancement, other than harsh calorie restriction, there is NO known method. Hence placebo trials are fair, provided that placebo-patients are given short readable facts about calorie-restriction and the trial is prepared with statistical estimate of departures.

Flaw seen

If two outcomes are seen at widely spaced points in time and disease history, while the acute phases of the disease may have been correctly addressed, the treatments may make the deeper causes worse and the next acute phase may in fact be worse!

This is greatly seen in the war in Afghanistan and Iraq experience in phase1. The overwhelming US strength was greatly used in acute phase, but the insurgents regrew and the problem became as bad in chronic phase!

Suppressing sugar release and reducing its concentration by insulin are two strategies in diabetes. The suppression by insulin is considered bad since I think that the useful role of insulin in youth becomes damaging in later years for diabetes 2 and Alzheimer’s – managing insulin-resistance by more insulin is stupid! Meanwhile, Metformin has beneficial effects by other pathways. This means that pure Metformin patients will see improved lifespan, pure insulin or near shorter lifespan, and largely metformin no gain.

First coMedicine trial

While any chronic disease like diabetes, heart trouble management etc shall be taken up, the founding trial only relates to age. Both Arya-method and test-age methods will be used for evaluating undertrials, the effects will be measured at start, death or when the clock strikes end-trial. The trial may continue.

The placebo-patients can undertake any life-extension methods except those being studied. The subject-patients will undergo one ECP,alternate day use Niagen and coQ10-pair, and take 1000 mg metformin if nondiabetic to 2000-2500 mg if diabetic. Ramp up to metformin may be needed. No food instructions are necessary as the amount  in normal food is negligible. I believe that improved feeling and 10 year extension in lifespan will be seen.

This marks the first statement of intentions and initial letter to Google (Kurzweil), NIH (National center for complementary and Integrative Health) etc. India Vaishali is perfect place to conduct the trial at very small cost but in ethical way under a tough US Citizen.


Thursday, August 10, 2017

Standard Age determination

I have definite plan for indefinite life with great life extension to (?)first singularity. But how will one test my claims?

There is a population mean by age and a healthy and acceptable range around them. Missing the acceptable range marks you a patient, while healthy range implies very fit. A person can be classified as the highest range achieved without sickness. Thus a person may be less or more good than the standard for the age. One can thus determine the standard age from tests. None of the tests measure psychological age.

There are two methods, both NOT dependent on clocks but the fact that one is not only interested in life-extension but in Quality-of-life extension as well - not extending life in ICU! QoL extension has the added charm of application even without extension! QoL gives us one of two methods, discussed here - idea is to mark the QOL datas for an organism and compare it to a standard chart. The organism would be better than average or not. Matching to the standard chart gives us an age - works because standard charts ALWAYS decline with age after brief youth!

 (beta HCG) When you finally get pregnant, the doctor will monitor the health of your pregnancy by measuring your beta HCG ( also known as beta) levels. A pregnancy should be documented as early as possible. This is important, because appropriate care and precautions can then be taken at an early stage. The most sensitive, accurate and reliable pregnancy test is a blood test for the presence of beta HCG (human chorionic gonadotropin), often just called "beta". The HCG is produced by the embryo, and is the embryo's signal to the mother that pregnancy has occurred. Beta HCG levels vary according to the gestational age. In a non-pregnant woman, they are less than 10 mIU/ml. They are typically about 100 mIU/ml 14 days after ovulation in a healthy singleton pregnancy. They should double every 48- 72 hours in a healthy pregnancy.

 (CBC) A complete blood count (CBC) is a blood test used to evaluate your overall health and detect a wide range of disorders, including anemia, infection and leukemia. A complete blood count test measures several components and features of your blood, including: Red blood cells, which carry oxygen.

(CMP) A comprehensive metabolic panel is a blood test that measures your sugar (glucose) level, electrolyte and fluid balance, kidney function, and liver function. Glucose is a type of sugar your body uses for energy. Electrolytes keep your body's fluids in balance.
Cortisol is a steroid hormone, in the glucocorticoid class of hormones. When used as a medication, it is known as hydrocortisone.
It is produced in humans by the zona fasciculata of the adrenal cortex within the adrenal gland.[1] It is released in response to stress and low blood-glucose concentration. It functions to increase blood sugar through gluconeogenesis, to suppress the immune system, and to aid in the metabolism of fatprotein, and carbohydrates.[2] It also decreases bone formation
 (DHEA) Dehydroepiandrosterone is a hormone that comes from the adrenal gland. It is also made in the brain. DHEA leads to the production of androgens and estrogens (male and female sex hormones). DHEA levels in the body begin to decrease after age 30. Levels decrease more quickly in women. Lower DHEA levels are found in people with hormonal disorders, HIV/AIDS, Alzheimer's disease, heart disease, depression, diabetes, inflammation, immune disorders, and osteoporosis. Corticosteroids, birth control taken by mouth, and agents that treat psychiatric disorders may reduce DHEA levels.
DHEA-S (dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate) is a male hormone (androgen) that is made in the adrenal glands. The body turns it into testosterone. A test for DHEA-S checks the level of this hormone in the blood.
Testosterone affects sexual features and development. In men, it is made in large amounts by the testicles. In both men and women, testosterone is made in small amounts by the adrenal glands. In women, small amounts are made by the ovaries.
 Estradiol (E2), also spelled oestradiol, is a steroid, an estrogen, and the primary female sex hormone. It is named for and is important in the regulation of the estrous and menstrual female reproductive cycles. Estradiol is essential for the development and maintenance of female reproductive tissues such as the breastsuterus, and vagina during pubertyadulthood, and pregnancy,[7] but it also has important effects in many other tissues, including bonefatskinliver, and the brain. While estrogen levels in men are lower compared to those in women, estrogens have essential functions in men, as well. It is found in most vertebrates and crustaceansinsectsfish, and other animal species.
An estrogen panel test measures the level of the most important estrogen hormones in a blood or urine sample. It measures estradiol, estriol, and estrone.
  • Estradiol is the most common type of estrogen measured for nonpregnant women. The amount of estradiol in a woman's bloodvaries throughout her menstrual cycle. After menopause, it drops to a very low but constant level.
  • Estriol levels are most often measured only during pregnancy. Estriol is produced in large amounts by the placenta. This is the tissue that links the fetus to the mother. Estriol can be found as early as the 9th week of pregnancy. The levels keep rising until delivery. Estriol can also be measured in urine.
  • Estrone may be measured in women who have gone through menopause. It's done to find out their estrogen levels. It also may be measured in men or women who might have cancer of the ovaries Description: camera.giftesticles Description: camera.gif, or adrenal glands Description: camera.gif.
  • Both men and women make estrogen hormones. Estrogens are responsible for female sexual development and function, such as breast development and the menstrual cycle. In women, estrogens are made mainly in the ovaries and in the placenta during pregnancy. Small amounts are also made by the adrenal glands. In men, small amounts of estrogens are made by the adrenal glands and testicles.
 Homocysteine is a non-protein Î±-amino acid. It is a homologue of the amino acid cysteine, differing by an additional methylene bridge (-CH2-). It is biosynthesized from methionine by the removal of its terminal Cε methyl group. Homocysteine can be recycled into methionine or converted into cysteine with the aid of certain B-vitamins. A high level of homocysteine in the blood (hyperhomocysteinemia) makes a person more prone to endothelial cell injury, which leads to inflammation in the blood vessels, which in turn may lead to atherogenesis, which can result in ischemic injury.[3] Hyperhomocysteinemia is therefore a possible risk factor for coronary artery disease. Coronary artery disease occurs when an atherosclerotic plaque blocks blood flow to the coronary arteries, which supply the heart with oxygenated blood. Hyperhomocysteinemia has been correlated with the occurrence of blood clots, heart attacks and strokes, though it is unclear whether hyperhomocysteinemia is an independent risk factor for these conditions.[citation needed] Hyperhomoscyteinemia has also been associated with early pregnancy loss[4] and with neural tube defects

(IGF-1) Insulin-Like Growth Factor 1 is a hormone that is similar in structure to insulin and works with Growth Hormone to reproduce and regenerate cells. Growth Hormone, made by the pituitary gland, stimulates the liver to produce IGF-1 and IGF-1 subsequently stimulates growth in cells throughout the body, leading to growth and development (as in the womb and through adolescence), strengthening of tissues (improving bone density, building muscle), and healing (skin, bones, gut lining, etc.), depending on what the body needs (R). IGF-1 is so crucial to development that if it is not present in adequate amounts during the time when a child is developing, a short stature may result. IGF-1 is commonly known to help build muscle or something to avoid when dealing with cancer. However, IGF-1 is also crucial in healing and tends to be low in those with chronic inflammation.
(FSH) Follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) is a gonadotropin, a glycoprotein polypeptide hormone. FSH is synthesized and secreted by the gonadotropic cells of the anterior pituitary gland,[1] and regulates the development, growth, pubertal maturation, and reproductive processes of the body. FSH and luteinizing hormone (LH) work together in the reproductive system.
(LH) Luteinizing hormone (LH) is an important hormone both men and women produce. This hormone is known as a gonadotropin, and it affects the sex organs in both men and women. For women, it affects ovaries, and in men, it affects the testes. LH plays a role in puberty, menstruation, and fertility. Knowing the amount of LH in your blood can indicate underlying problems associated with a variety of reproductive health issues. LH is a hormone that’s produced in the pituitary gland. The pituitary gland is located at the base of the brain, and it’s roughly the size of a pea. If you’re a woman, LH is an important part of your menstrual cycle. It works with follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), which another gonadotropin made in the pituitary gland. FSH stimulates the ovarian follicle, causing an egg to grow. It also triggers the production of estrogen in the follicle.
lipid panel is a blood test that measures lipids-fats and fatty substances used as a source of energy by your body. Lipids include cholesterol, triglycerides, high-density lipoprotein (HDL), and low-density lipoprotein (LDL).
Progesterone is an endogenous steroid and progestogen sex hormone involved in the menstrual cyclepregnancy, and embryogenesis of humans and other species.[11] It belongs to a group of steroid hormones called the progestogens,[11] and is the major progestogen in the body. Progesterone is also a crucial metabolic intermediate in the production of other endogenous steroids, including the sex hormones and the corticosteroids, and plays an important role in brain function as a neurosteroid
(PSA) Prostate-specific antigen, is a protein produced by cells of the prostate gland. The PSA test measures the level of PSA in a man's blood. For this test, a blood sample is sent to a laboratory for analysis. The results are usually reported as nanograms of PSA per milliliter (ng/mL) of blood. Blood levels of PSA can be elevated in men with prostate cancer. For this reason, measurement of PSA in the blood has been used as a screening test for prostate cancer.
(SHBG) Sex hormone-binding globulin or sex steroid-binding globulin (SSBG) is a glycoprotein that binds to the two sex hormones: androgen and estrogen. Other steroid hormones such as progesterone, cortisol, and other corticosteroids are bound by transcortin. SHBG is found in all vertebrates apart from birds. These hormones are estrogen; dihydrotestosterone (DHT), and testosterone. SHBGcarries these three hormones throughout your blood. lthough SHBG binds 3 hormones, the hormone that's critical in this test is testosterone. ... The level ofSHBG in your blood changes because of factors such as sex and age. test measures the level of sex hormone binding globulin (SHBG) in your blood. SHBG is a protein made by your liver. It binds tightly to 3 sex hormones found in both men and women. These hormones are estrogen; dihydrotestosterone (DHT), and testosterone. SHBG carries these three hormones throughout your blood. Although SHBG binds 3 hormones, the hormone that's critical in this test is testosterone. SHBG controls the amount of testosterone that your body tissues can use. Too little testosterone in men and too much testosterone in women can cause problems. The level of SHBG in your blood changes because of factors such as sex and age. It can also change because of obesity, liver disease, and hyperthyroidism
A lesser fraction is albumin bound and a small proportion exists as free hormone. Historically, only thefree testosterone was thought to be the biologically active.Testosterone is the major androgenic hormone. ... Most circulating testosterone is bound to sex hormone-binding globulin (SHBG), which in men also is calledtestosterone-binding globulin. A lesser fraction is albumin bound and a small proportion exists as free hormone.
(D 25) Known as the sunshine vitamin, vitamin D is produced by the body in response to skin being exposed to sunlight. It is also occurs naturally in a few foods -- including some fish, fish liver oils, and egg yolks -- and in fortified dairy and grain products. Vitamin D is essential for strong bones, because it helps the body use calcium from the diet. Traditionally, vitamin D deficiency has been associated with rickets, a disease in which the bone tissue doesn't properly mineralize, leading to soft bones and skeletal deformities. But increasingly, research is revealing the importance of vitamin D in protecting against a host of health problems.
thyroid panel is used to evaluate thyroid function and/or help diagnose hypothyroidism and hyperthyroidism due to various thyroid disorders. The paneltypically includes tests for: Thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) Free thyroxine (free T4) Total or free triiodothyronine (total or free T3)


Wednesday, August 9, 2017

Aaqgs-Scientific-Technology Theories of Aging


Aaqgs -Scientific-Technology & relevance to theories of Aging?

Aalan-semantics is used. Science explains the why of the world (nouns) and processes (verbs) we find.  Technology answers (why not) that enables us to novel uses of the processes as well as their control and creation of brand new applications. Philosophically, fixed-wing planes is unnatural way of flying, helicopters an unnatural way of hovering, rockets unnatural way to escape planetary gravity, most of nano-technology unnatural as are quantum processes outside nano-regions.

With science we seek to develop understanding, modifying our theories in light of newer organisms encountered. With technology, we seek to limit our theories to perhaps unnatural idealization that can still be manipulated to yield solutions to life extension! Following analogy from civil engineering is very apt – we know that modeling reinforced concrete by linearly elastic material is clearly wrong, yet the approximation leads to conservative designs that can be checked and accepted without magic and those that can be abandoned in limiting structures like thin shells.

Fundamental to science is unlimited increase in application till regions are encountered where it does not apply , delimit the boundaries and explain why it does not apply.

Why important?

We have no reliably known ways of life-extension or even ways of measuring the extensions from procedures!

organization generalities?

Consider fats being evil in Diabetes and heart troubles. Turns out, all fats are not equally bad, by the theory 2000-2010. You can specialize fats to unsaturated (mono, poly), and saturated (fully, Trans). By that theory, all saturated were bad and all unsaturated better, mono being the best and full being the better. Latest finding is mono, poly and fully saturated are equally good. Trans fat are always bad. What most people don’t know is that any unsaturated fat, reused after cool and reheating becomes trans-fat BECOMES MUCH WORSE THAN SATURATED! Saturated can be temperature cycled without trans-fat. Never reuse non-butters (vegetable oils or hydrogenated fats)  for frying, unless the remnant are discarded! You are unintentionally damaging, not being nice!

In general , absent testable filters, gross divisions may be worse than not-knowledgeable!

Why difficult?

No agreed ways of measuring the extensions or pain! The hormesis effect is another problem.

Common assumption?

1.       All believe that aging is NOT programmed into cells, unlike telomere hypothesis (telomeres shorten every division till cell death after 40-50 divides), but is instead accumulation of junk.

2.       There is no magic gene to fix and arrest aging. However there are two groups of theories – cmall number of aging genes and large number of genes. The engineering is easier if there are only a few, and some worm models have just 1 gene. In any case, we assert only a few important genes whose fixing will give us enough time to fix others. This is my understanding of the generalized dynamic Kurzweil model.

Glycation theory

Some research supports the hypothesis that cross-linking contributes to aging. Cross-linking of the skin protein collagen, for example, has proven at least partly responsible for wrinkling and other age-related dermal changes. Cross-linking of proteins in the lens of the eye is also believed to play a role in age-related cataract formation. Researchers speculate that cross-linking of proteins in the walls of arteries or the filtering systems of the kidney account for at least some of the atherosclerosis (hardening of the arteries) and age-related decline in kidney function observed in older adults. Another study conducted at the Bjorksten Institute in Wisconsin treated brain tissue from young animals with known cross-linkinducing compounds. That brain tissue soon looked quite similar to older brain tissue, with its naturally cross-linked brain proteins, adding evidence in support of this theory of aging. Recently, scientists have found evidence that glycation contributes to the formation of beta-amyloid, the protein that clumps together in the brains of Alzheimer’s patients.

Studies done in China and in the United Kingdom on the molecule carnosine are provocative. Carnosine occurs in very low concentrations in the brain and other tissues. In the laboratory, carnosine has been shown to delay the senescence or aging of human cells called fibroblasts. Carnosine works by preventing cross-linking of proteins. The more recent Chinese studies suggest carnosine might be of benefit in delaying the formation of cataracts, in which crosslinking is thought to play a part.

Evolutionaary Senesense

Much experimental evidence exists to support the basic premises of the evolutionary senescence theory of aging. Natural selection, because it operates via reproduction, can have little effect on later life. In the wild, predation and accidents guarantee that there are always more younger individuals reproducing than older ones. Genes and mutations that have harmful effects but appear only after reproduction is over do not affect reproductive success and therefore can be passed on to future generations. In 1952, Peter Medawar proposed that the inability of natural selection to influence late-life traits could mean that genes with detrimental latelife effects could continue to be passed from generation to generation. This theory is called the mutation accumulation theory. A few years later, George Williams extrapolated on this idea by formulating the theory of “antagonistic pleiotropy.”
 Antagonistic pleiotropy means that some genes that increase the odds of successful reproduction early in life may have deleterious effects later in life. Because the gene’s harmful effects do not appear until after reproduction is over, they cannot be eliminated through natural selection. An example of antagonistic pleiotropy in humans is p53, a gene that directs damaged cells to stop reproducing or die. The gene helps prevent cancer in younger people, but may be partly responsible for aging by impairing the body’s ability to renew deteriorating tissues. Because of antagonistic pleiotropy, it is likely that tinkering with genes to improve late-life fitness could have a detrimental effect on health at younger ages.

Mitochondria theories

Oxidative free radicals are one of the toxic byproducts of normal cell metabolism. Natural substances within our cells called antioxidants sop up and neutralize these dangerous free radicals. But those that escape this cleanup process can damage DNA, proteins, and mitochondria. This damage, called oxidative damage, accumulates over time. Some fruit fly studies suggest that oxidative damage is one of the direct causes of aging. Proponents of the free-radical hypothesis of aging note that free radicals can cause DNA damage, the cross-linking of proteins, and the formation of age pigments. Oxidative damage contributes to many age-related diseases, such as cancer, heart disease, diabetes, and Alzheimer’s disease. Many scientists focus on the ­specific effects of free ­radicals on mitochondria, the tiny powerhouses of our cells that transform energy into useful forms. More than 90 percent of the cell’s free radicals are produced in the mitochondria, so they are at particular risk of damage. Oxidative free radicals, unless quickly neutralized by antioxidants, can cause considerable damage to the membranes of mitochondria and to mitochondrial DNA. Scientists studied the connection among mitochondria, oxidative stress, and aging in fruit flies by housing the flies in an environment of 100 percent oxygen. The elevated oxygen levels cause the mitochondrial membranes to crimp in swirled patterns, which in turn decreases the lifesapan.

From my point, this theory has wings because supplement reduction of deficits caused, and existence of 100 times better coQ10 in mitoq which simply take take coQ10 into the mitochondrial. There is something to research niagen into mitochondrial thus boosting its strength in creatinf NAD+, which can be explored by wittig reactions on niagen!

THE NEUROENDOCRINE HYPOTHESIS

The neuroendocrine system refers to the complex connections between the brain and nervous system and our endocrine glands, which produce hormones. The hypothalamus, a structure at the base of the brain, stimulates and inhibits the pituitary gland, often called the “master gland,” which in turn regulates the glands of the body (ovaries, testes, adrenal glands, thyroid) and how and when they release their hormones into our circulation. As we age, this system becomes less functional, and this can lead to high blood pressure, impaired sugar metabolism, and sleep abnormalities. The effects that the various hormones our different glands produce have on different facets of aging have been studied extensively. 

Reactive oxidation?

A flood of recent evidence has pinpointed this effect to one area: the insulin/IGF-1 hormonal pathway. IGF stands for insulinlike growth factor, a substance activated by growth hormone. Single-gene mutations in fruit flies and the roundworm C. elegans, widely studied by aging researchers, have recently been tied to the insulin/IGF-1 pathway. In 2002, a study by French researchers published electronically in Nature showed a similar effect in mice. In all the laboratory organisms studied, mutations that reduce the amount of circulating IGF extend life. In many cases, however, the long-lived mutants have defects that could potentially affect their ability to survive in the wild, possibly making the IGF-1 pathway’s relationship to aging an example of antagonistic pleiotropy.
Interestingly, this ­evidence flies in the face of popular support for anti-aging treatments involving injections of growth hormone, which increases circulating IGF-1. Rather than prolonging life as some companies claim, such treatment may instead do the opposite. BE warned on trying ideas without lot of consulting!

THE GENOME MAINTENANCE HYPOTHESIS

Damage to our DNA happens thousands of times every day in every cell in our body throughout our lives. This damage can be caused by oxidative free radicals, mistakes in replication, or outside environmental factors such as radiation or toxins. Mutations or spontaneous changes in the structure of our genes that occur in our egg or sperm cells will be passed on to future generations, if those mutations are not so potentially disruptive as to be fatal to our offspring. Mutations that occur in the rest of the cells of the body will only affect that individual and cannot be passed on to future generations. Most of those body cell, or somatic, mutations will be corrected and eliminated, but some will not. Those will accumulate, eventually causing the cells to malfunction and die. This process, it has been suggested, is a crucial component in the aging process. This theory also encompasses a role for mitochondria, the cellular powerhouses, as important factors in aging. Mitochondria create damaging free radicals as a by-product of normal energy production. Somatic mutations in the DNA of the mitochondria accumulate with age, increasing free radical production, and are associated with an age-related decline in the functioning of mitochondria. Many scientists believe that mitochondrial aging is an important contributor to aging in general.

THE OXIDATIVE DAMAGE/ FREE RADICAL HYPOTHESIS

Oxidative free radicals are one of the toxic byproducts of normal cell metabolism. Natural substances within our cells called antioxidants sop up and neutralize these dangerous free radicals. But those that escape this cleanup process can damage DNA, proteins, and mitochondria. This damage, called oxidative damage, accumulates over time. Some fruit fly studies suggest that oxidative damage is one of the direct causes of aging. Proponents of the free-radical hypothesis of aging note that free radicals can cause DNA damage, the cross-linking of proteins, and the formation of age pigments. Oxidative damage contributes to many age-related diseases, such as cancer, heart disease, diabetes, and Alzheimer’s disease. Many scientists focus on the ­specific effects of free ­radicals on mitochondria, the tiny powerhouses of our cells that transform energy into useful forms. More than 90 percent of the cell’s free radicals are produced in the mitochondria, so they are at particular risk of damage. Oxidative free radicals, unless quickly neutralized by antioxidants, can cause considerable damage to the membranes of mitochondria and to mitochondrial DNA. Scientists studied the connection among mitochondria, oxidative stress, and aging in fruit flies by housing the flies in an environment of 100 percent oxygen. The elevated oxygen levels cause the mitochondrial membranes to crimp in swirled patterns, which in turn decreases the lifespan of the insects from two months to about a week. The injury caused by free radicals initiates a self-perpetuating cycle in which oxidative damage impairs mitochondrial function, which results in the generation of even greater amounts of free radicals.
However,  experiments attempting to reverse the effects of oxidative damage by feeding experimental animals dietary antioxidants, and other experiments that genetically increase oxidative damage, have not yielded conclusive results.

Technologically useless theories
THE RATE OF LIVING THEORY
THE REPLICATIVE SENESCENCE HYPOTHESIS
Excellent reference, heavily used, but requires interpretation. The reality may be complex importance driven combination of these. Setting my sights nly on painfree 10 years age-extension, the question is what theories and what what importance patterns stand out. I believe that mitrochondrial theories and free-radical theories stand out, there are tools NOW to help in the two goals, and I want them used on me and all religious theories are independent bullshit, hence irrelevant.

I believe that Aaqgs technology is possible within the constraints of physicians saying “most likely a waste” and the limited goal of 10 year life extension and sharply reduced pain to a life time of 90 to 100 years with Aaqgs-interpretation and exercise together with metformin, niagen, coQ10 and ECP with blood transfusion and raqpamycin in active continued research. It does not lead to IGF-1 or large number of anti-disease pills. We conservatively believe in GRAS (Generally recognized as safe) stamp of USA FDA, though unusual uses.